Page 13 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh d/ T[go'es ftt/uB s'A ;gPN j? fe s[bBkswe okiBhsh fJ~e ;[szso
nB[Pk;B j? i' okiBhsh ftfrnkB ft~u fJ~e wj~stg{oD Pkyk pD frnk j?.ukj/ fJ; dk nfXn?B th
okiBhfse ;z;EktK Bkb ;zpzfXs okiBhsh s'A j?, fco th fJj okiBhsh ftfrnkB s'A fJ; noE ft~u fGzB
j? fe fJ; ft~u oki ns/ r?o^Pk;eh okiBhsh d'tK dk jh nfXn?B Pkfwb j[zdk j?. id'A fe, okiBhsh^ftfrnkB
r?o^Pk;eh okiBhsh Bkb gqs~y o{g ft~u ;zpzfXs BjhA j[zdk. fJ; soK, s[bBkswe okiBhsh, fJ~e jh
d/P dhnK okPNoh ;oekoK dk fJfsjkf;e ;zdoG ns/ okPNoh ;hwktK d/ nko gko s[bBkswe nfXn?B jh
BjhA j?, fJj fJ; d/ Bkb okiBhfse gqfeqnktK ns/ okiBhfse fttjko ns/ ;oekoh szsoK Bz{ gqGkfts eoD
tkbhnK r?o^;oekoh ftt;EktK dk th s[bBkswe nfXn?B j?.

s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ftPk y/so
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ftPk y/so
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ftPk y/so (Scope of Comparative Politics)
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ftPk y/so
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ftPk y/so
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ftPk^y/so ni/ th ;hwKeD (demarcation) dh nt;Ek ft~u j?. fJ; d/ ftPk
y/so dh fBowkD nt;Ek d/ ekoD jh ihH e/H okpoN; (G.K. Roberts) B/ nkgD/ fJ~e BthB b/y
‘Comparative Politics today’ ft~u fJ~E'A s~e fbfynk j? fe, “s[bBkswe okiBhsh ;G e[M j? iK e[M
th BjhA j?.” fJ; d/ ftPk y/so ft~u fJ~e ;hwk s'A pknd ft;skosk fJ; Bz{ okiBhsh ftfrnkB d/ nB[o{g
pDk fdzdh j?.ns/ d{i/ gk;/ fJ; d/ y/so dh pj[s ;ze[fus ntXkoDk fJ; Bz{ ;[szso nB[Pk;B (indepen-
dent discipline) dh nt;Ek s'A jh tzfus eo fdzdh j?. fJ; bJh fJ; d/ ftPk y/so dh gqw[~y ;w~f;nk
fJj pD ikdh j? fe s[bBkswe okiBhsh ft~u eh eh Pkfwb ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j? ns/ eh eh fJ; d/ nfXn?B
s'A pkjo o~fynk ikt/< Bkb jh fJj th gqPB nkUAdk j? fe okiBhsh ;zpzXh fe;/ gfjb{ Bz{ fJ; d/ nfXn?B
ft~u Pkfwb eoD iK BjhA eoD dk nkXko eh j't/< fJj ftPk^y/so d/ ;hwKeD dh ;w~f;nk fJ; ekoD
j'o th T[bMh j'Jh brdh j? fe fJ; d/ ftukoe, nfXn?B g~Xsh gfotoseK, ftPb/PD d/ T[gkrwK,
(analytical approaches), f;XKsK d/ gqekoK ns/ ftPb/PD dhnK fJekJhnK s/ fJ~ews BjhA j' gk oj/
j?oh n?e;NhB (Harry Eckstein) dh s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ ftPk^y/so d/ ;zpzX ft~u fJj
j?oh n?e;NhB
j?oh n?e;NhB
jB, fJ~E/ j?oh n?e;NhBj?oh n?e;NhB
eEB d~;Dk fJ; fttkd dh rzGhosk dk ;gPNheoD eoD bJh ekch j't/rk. n?e;NhB B/ fbfynk j? ^
“;G s'A nfXe nkXkoG{s r~b s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ pko/ fJj j? fe n~i fJj fJ~e nfijk ftPk j? fi;
ft~u pj[s fttkd j? feUAfe fJj ;zeowD dh ;fEsh ft~u j?^ fJ~e gqeko dh ftPb/PD P?bh s'A d{i/ gqeko
dh P?bh ft~u gq;EkB eo fojk j?.”
fJ; s'A ;gPN j? fe s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gfoGkPk ns/ gqfeqsh dh soK fJ; dk ftPk y/so th fttkd
dk ftPk j?. fJ; d/ y/so Bz{ b? e/ gozgoktkdhnK ns/ nkX[fBe okiBhshPk;sohnK ft~u rfjok wsG/d j?.
gfjbk
gfjbk
ihB pb"Dv/b (Jean Blondel) B/ fJj fttkd d' r~bK Bkb ;zpzfXs d~f;nk j?. gfjbkgfjbk j? s[bBkswe
gfjbk
d{ik
okiBhsh dh ;hwk ;zpzXh ns/ d{ik d{ik wkDeK ns/ fttjkoK d/ nkg;h ;zpzXK ;zpzXh fttkd. fJBK d'jK dk
d{ik
d{ik
ft;fsqs ftt/uB eo e/ jh s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ ftPk y/so dk fBoXkoD eo ;eDk ;zGt j't/rk.
;hwk ;zpzXh fttkd
;hwk ;zpzXh fttkd
;hwk ;zpzXh fttkd
;hwk ;zpzXh fttkd (Controversy over the Boundary): s[bBkswe okiBhsh ft~u ;hwk ;zpzXh
;hwk ;zpzXh fttkd
fttjko nfXn?B d/ fdqPNhe'D Bkb ;zpzfXs j?. ;ko/ okiBhsh Pk;soh fJ; r~b Bkb ;fjws jB fe
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ;zpzX okPNoh ;oekoK Bkb j? ns/ fJ; ft~u th e/tb ;oekoh YKfunK
(governmental structures) dk jh nfXn?B BjhA pbfe ;oekoK d/ ekoi ebkgK ns/ r?o oki;h ;z;EktK
d/ okiBhfse ezwK dk th nfXn?B Io{oh o{g ft~u Pkfwb ofjzdk j?. gqzs{ UBK ft~u fttkd fJ; r~b Bz{ b?
e/ j? fe s[bBk Bkb ;zpzfXs okiBhfse ekoi ebkgK s'A eh noE fbnk ikt/< noEks ;oeko dhnK feqnktK
dh ftnkfynk fe; Yzr Bkb ehsh ikt/< fJ; ;zpzX ft~u d' fdqPNhe'D gqu~fbs jB. fJBK ft~u'A fejVk
fdqPNhe'D s[bBkswe okiBhsh nfXn?B bJh ngDkfJnk ikt/ ns/ fe;/ fdqPNhe'D Bz{ feUA ngDkfJnk
ikt/, fJj fttkd dk ftPk fojk j?. fJj fdqPNhe'D jB^ekBz{Bh fdqPNhe'D ns/ fttjkfoe fdqPNhe'D. fJBK
d'tK fdqPNhe'DK dk noE ;gPN eo e/ jh fJ; fttkd Bz{ ;wfMnk ns/ fJ; dk Bshik e~fYnk ik ;edk
j?. ;zy/g ft~u fJBK dk ftt/uB fJ;soK j?^

(e) ekBz{Bh iK ;z;Ekrs fdqPNhe'D
(e) ekBz{Bh iK ;z;Ekrs fdqPNhe'D
(e) ekBz{Bh iK ;z;Ekrs fdqPNhe'D (Legalistic or Institutional Approach)^ fJ; fdqPNhe'D d/
(e) ekBz{Bh iK ;z;Ekrs fdqPNhe'D
(e) ekBz{Bh iK ;z;Ekrs fdqPNhe'D
nB[;ko s[bBkswe okiBhsh ft~u e/tb ;zftXkB d[nkok ;Ekfgs ;oekoh ;zouBk dk, ns/ ;zftXkB d[nkok
8 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY