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s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN okiBhfse ftt;EktK dh tk;sftesktK s'A d{o ofjDk j?. fJ; bJh s[bBkswe okiBhsh ft~u fJj th d/
fynk ikDk ukjhdk j? fe okiBhfse fttjko wkDeK d/ nB[e{b j? iK gqshe{b. noEks okiBhfse feqnk Bkb
;zpzfXs ftneshnK d[nkok wkDeK d/ nfGftnes ekBz{Bk dk fezBk gkbD ns/ fezBk T[bzxD j[zdk j?<
fJ~E/ fJj fXnkB o~yDk Io{oh j? fe fB:w ns/ fttjko d't/A jh nub BjhA ofjzd/. fJj Io{oh BjhA fe
i' wkDe ns/ fttjko n~i j?, Uj nkUD tkb/ ;w/A ft~u th oj/. fJj d't/A jh frnkswe jB. fJBK ft~u
;zs[bB (harmony) ns/ rsho'X d't/A jh j' ;ed/ jB. nkw s"o s/ fJBK ft~u gko;gfoesk ofjzdh j? ns/
d't/A fJ~e d{i/ Bz{ gqGkfts eod/ ofjzd/ jB. fB:wK ft~u gfotosB, fttjko ft~u th gfotosB fbnkUAdk
j?. ns/ fttjko nkg th BthB fB:wK dh ;EkgBk dk ekoD pD ;edk j/. fJ; bJh s[bBkswe okiBhsh
ft~u fB:w ns/ fttjko d/ okiBhfse gfjb{nK dk nfXn?B th Pkfwb j'Dk ukjhdk j?. ihB pb"Dv/b B/
th fbfynk j?^
“id'A fe nkXkoG{s fdqPNh Bkb s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ;zpzX ;oeko dh ;zouBk Bkb j'Dk ukjhdk j?, go
Bkb jh T[;dk ;zpzX fttjko d/ ;cfNs (harmony) gqshwkBK ns/ nkuoDK (harmony) Bkb th j'Dk
ukjhdk j?, feUAfe Uj ;oeko dh ihfts s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ nfXn?B y/so d/ pko/ ft~u T[go'es fttkdK
d/ ft;fsqs ftt/uB s'A fJj ;gPN j? fe fJ; ft~u Bk e/tb Pk;BszsoK ns/ ;zrmBK dh s[bBk ehsh iKdh
j?, ns/ Bk jh wkD ns/ fttjkoK d/ ;zpzXK dk ftPb/PD wkso jh ehsk iKdk j?, pbfe fJ; d/ y/so ft~u
fJBK d'jK dk jh ;wkt/P Io{oh j?. fJ; bJh fBu'V tk;s/ fJj fejk ik ;edk j? fe s[bBkswe okiBhsh
d/ ftPk y/so ft~u ftfGzB okiBhfse ftt;EktK dhnK Pk;B ;zouBKtK (governmental structures),
Pk;B fttjko gqshwkBK (governmental behaviour patterns) ns/ r?o oki;h ;z;EktK d/ okiBhfse
fttjko gqshwkBK dk nfXn?B th Pkfwb j?. fJ; soK s[bBkswe okiBhsh nfXn?B, ekBz{B fBowkD, ekBz{B
gq:'r ns/ ftfGzB okiBhfse ;z;EktK d/ nzrK Bkb ;zpzfXs fBofDnK ns? okiBhfse dbK ns/ dpkn ;w{jK
fij/ ;zftXkBkfoes nfGeoDK (extra-constitutional agencies) d/ nfXn?B s~e jh ;hfws BjhA ofjzdk,
pbfe fJ; s'A n~r/ tXdk j?.fJ; ft~u UBK s~EK dk nfXn?B th fJ~e ftfPPN sohe/ Bkb eoBk j[zdk j?
i' nkw s"o s/ noE^Pk;so, ;wkiPk;so ns/ wkBtPk;so (anthropology) d/ y/so ft~u nkUAd/ jB.
f;vBh topk
f;vBh topk (Sydney Verba) B/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ nfXn?B y/so dh ftnkgesk dk ;ze/s fdzd/
f;vBh topk
f;vBh topk
f;vBh topk
j'J/ fbfynk j? ^
“s[bBkswe okiBhsh ft~u eqKsh dk PqhrD/P nB/eK ;kj;h f;XKsK d/ ekoD j'fJnk^fJBK ft~u fejk frnk
fe e/tb toDB s'A n~r/ tX e/ f;XKse fdqPNh Bkb nfXe ;zrs ;w~f;nktK t~b d/yhJ/, fJ~e wkwb/ s'A
n~r/ tX e/ nB/eK wkwfbnK dh s[bBk t~b d/yhJ/, ;oeko dhnK n"gukfoe ;z;EktK d/ nfXn?B s'A n~r/ tX
e/ okiBhfse gqfeqnktK ns// okiBhfse ezwK t~b d/yhJ/, ns/ e/tb g~Swh :{ogh d/PK dk nfXn?B Bk eo
e/ J/Phnk ns/ ncohek ns/ b?fNB nwohek d/ Bt'fds okPNoK t~b d/yhJ/.”
fJ; dk noE fJj j? fe okiBhfse nB[GtK, ;z;EktK, fttjkoK ns/ ;oekoK dh w[~y ftt;EktK dh gqfeqnktK
dk ftnkge o{g Bkb nfXn?B eod/ ;w/A s[bBkswe okiBhsh ft~u ;ir s/ ;[u/s s[bBktK dk ftfPPN wj~st
j?. s[bBkswe okiBhsh ft~u UBK ;zftXkBkfsfoes nfGeoDK (agencies) dk nfXn?B th Pkfwb j[zdk j?
fiBK dk n"gukfoe ;oekoh ;z;EktK Bkb gqs~y iK ngqs~y o{g ft~u fBeN dk ;zpzX j[zdk j? fit/A fe n?wH
eofN; B/ th ;gPN fbfynk j? fe, “okiBhfse ;z;EktK ns/ okiBhfse fttjko dh ekoi gqDkbh ft~u
wj~stg{oD fB:fwssktK, ;wkBsktK ns/ n;wkBsktK Bkb s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ;zpzX j?.”
nzs ft~u s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ ftPk y/so d/ ;zpzX ft~u fJj fBu'V e~fYnk ik ;edk j? fe fJ; dk ;zpzX
Pk;B gqDkbhnK dh ftfGzBsk ns/ ;wkBsk d'jK Bkb j?. gqzs{, ;wkBsktK s'A nfXe wj~st n;wkBsktK dk
j?. nfijk fJ; bJh j? fe nkXkoG{s fdqPNh Bkb s[bBkswe okiBhsh ft~u okiBhfse ;wki ns/ Pk;B
szso dh gko;gfoesk ns/ ftftX okiBhfse fttjkoK Bkb ;zpzfXs gqfeqnktK dh s[bBk ehsh iKdh j?.ns/
fJj gqfeqnktK ftfGzB d/PK ft~u ftfGzB soK dhnK j[zdhnK jB. ;wkfie ftt;Ek dk ;z;Ekrs gqekPB fGzB
fGzB d/PK ft~u fGzB fGzB gqeko dk j'D d/ ekoD okiBhfse fttjko ns/ T[; Bkb ;zpzfXs gqfeqnktK Bz{ th
fGzB fGzB gqeko dk pDk fdzdk j?. fJ; ftftXsk^fGzBsk ns/ ftPwsk:[es okiBhfse fttjko d/ s[bBkswe
nfXn?B Bkb s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ;zpzX j?.

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