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s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
          s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
          s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
          s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
          s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
                     BØN           ;wkfie ftt;Ek ns/ tksktoD ft~u ;zs[fbs ;zpzX ;Ekfgs ehsk ikt/, sK T[fus ;zftXkB dk fBowkD ;zGt
                                   j't/rk. T[; dk fJj th efjDk ;h fe ;wkfie ftt;Ek wkBt fBofws j?.fJj ;wkfie ftt;Ek, w"AN/;feT{
                                   d/ nB[;ko, ;zpzXK ns/ ;zrmBK dk gqshe j?.fJj ;zpzXK ns/ ;zrmBK dh gqfeqsh wB[~yK d[nkok pdbh ik ;edh
                                   j?. fJj ;wkfie gfotosB Bz{ fJ~e seBhe efjzdk j?, ns/ fJ; Bz{ wkBt^;zukfbs wzBdk j?.

                                   fJBK dkoPfBe ftukoK Bz{ g[;se o{g fdzd/ ;w/A w"AN/;feT{ Bz{ s[bBkswe g~Xsh dk gq:'r Io{oh fdykJh
                                   fd~sk. s[bBkswe g~Xsh d/ d[nkok Uj d/y ;edk ;h fe ftfGzB ;wkiK ft~u'A fejV/ ;wkiK dk ;zrmB p/
                                   jso j?. fJ;/ d/ d[nkok Uj d/y ;edk ;h fe fJBK ;zpzXK ns/ ;zrmBK Bz{ wB[~y B/ pdbD dh fe; soK
                                   e'fPP ehsh ns/ fJj e'fPP fe~E'A s~e ;cb j'Jh j?< i/eo ;cb j'Jh j? sK feUA ns/ i/eo BjhA j'Jh sK
                                   feUA< fJBK ;G gqPBK d/ T[ZsoK dh y'i B/ T[; Bz{ s[bBkswe g~Xsh dk gq:'r eoD dh nt;Ek ft~u yVk
                                   eo fd~sk. fJ; gqeko s[bBkswe nfXn?B ft~u T[;d/ ftukoK dk w[~y fpzd{ s[bBkswe g~Xsh T[Zs/ pb d/Dk pD
                                   frnk. fJ; s'A fJbktk w"AN/;feT{ dh s[bBkswe okiBhsh Bz{ ftP/P o{g ft~u fJj d/D ojh j?^
                                   (e) okiBhfse ftt;EktK dk ;zouBkswe gqfeqnkswe ftPb/PD
                                   (e) okiBhfse ftt;EktK dk ;zouBkswe gqfeqnkswe ftPb/PD  (The Spirit of the Laws)^
                                   (e) okiBhfse ftt;EktK dk ;zouBkswe gqfeqnkswe ftPb/PD
                                   (e) okiBhfse ftt;EktK dk ;zouBkswe gqfeqnkswe ftPb/PD
                                   (e) okiBhfse ftt;EktK dk ;zouBkswe gqfeqnkswe ftPb/PD
                                   w"AN/;feT{ B/ fJj d~f;nk fe okiBhfse ftt;EktK Bz{ Bk e/tb ;zrmBK dh s[bBk Bkb ;wfMnk ik ;edk
                                   j?, ns/ Bk jh e/tb ezwK d/ ;zdoG ft~u fJ; Bz{ ;wMDk ;zGt j?. fJBK ft~u'A fe;/ fJ~e nkXko Bkb okiBhfse
                                   ftt;EktK dh tk;sftesktK Bz{ ;wfMnk BjhA ik ;edk. fJ; bJh UBK B/ d~f;nk fe okiBhfse ftt;EktK
                                   Bz{ ;wMD bJh UBK d/ ;zrmBK ns/ feqnktK dk ftPb/PD eoBk Io{oh j?.T[; B/ fJj th d~f;nk fe fJj
                                   ftPb/PD okiBhfse ftt;EktK dk nb~r nb~r eoBk T[g:'rh BjhA j[zdk. fJj ftPb/PD s[bbkswe eoBk
                                   j't/rk. w"AN/;feT{ d[nkok ;zouBktK ns/ ekoiK, d'jK Bz{ jh s[bBkswe ftPb/PD ft~u Pkfwb eoBk n;b
                                   ft~u okiBhfse ftt;EktK d/ nkX[fBesw T[gkrw, ;zouBkswe^gqfeqnkswe dk ;ze/s d/Dk j?.
                                   (y) okiBhfse ftt;EktK dh gqekoDk
                                   (y) okiBhfse ftt;EktK dh gqekoDk  (Typology of Political Systems)^ w"AN/;feT{ B/ ;gPN
                                   (y) okiBhfse ftt;EktK dh gqekoDk
                                   (y) okiBhfse ftt;EktK dh gqekoDk
                                   (y) okiBhfse ftt;EktK dh gqekoDk
                                   ehsk fe okiBhfse ftt;EktK d/ ;zrmBK ns/ gqfeqnktK dk s[bBkswe nfXn?B nkgD/ nkg ft~u g{oD BjhA
                                   j?. T[; B/ fejk fe okiBhfse ftt;EktK, s[bBkswe ftPb/PD d/ nkXko s/ torfhfeqs ehshnK ikD ns/
                                   fJ; r~b dk tk fXnkB o~yDk ukjhdk j? fe UBK d/ ;ztor pDkJ/ ikD. T[;B/ ftfGzB Pk;B ftt;Ektk d/
                                   torheoD d/ ;kXe Bz{ gqkgs eoD d/ ;kXe d/ o{g ft~u s[bBkswe g~Xsh Bz{ ngDkfJnk. fJ; soK w"AN/
                                   ;feT{ d[nkok s[bBkswe g~Xsh jo soK d/ okiBhfse ftPb/PD d/ bJh ngfojkoe wzBh rJh.
                                   (r) okiBhfse ftt;Ek, ;wki, noEftt;Ek ns/ gfot/P ft~u ;zpzXsk
                                   (r) okiBhfse ftt;Ek, ;wki, noEftt;Ek ns/ gfot/P ft~u ;zpzXsk  (Linkages between
                                   (r) okiBhfse ftt;Ek, ;wki, noEftt;Ek ns/ gfot/P ft~u ;zpzXsk
                                   (r) okiBhfse ftt;Ek, ;wki, noEftt;Ek ns/ gfot/P ft~u ;zpzXsk
                                   (r) okiBhfse ftt;Ek, ;wki, noEftt;Ek ns/ gfot/P ft~u ;zpzXsk
                                   polity, society, economy and ecology)^ jo oki ft~u ;wki, okiBhfse ftt;Ek, noEftt;Ek ns/
                                   gfot/P ft~u nN[~N ;zpzX j[zdk j?.;zpzX fGzB fGzB gqeko dk j' ;edk j?.fJ; bJh s[bBkswe g~Xsh Bkb jh
                                   fJBK ;zpzXK dh Pq/Pmsk dk frnkB gqkgs ehsk ik ;edk j?. w"AN/;feT{ B/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ ftPk y/
                                   so dk th ;ze/s fd~sk fe fJ; ft~u e/tb okiBhfse ftt;Ek jh BjhA, e[M nzPK ft~u ;wkfie, nkofEe
                                   ns/ gfot/P d/ okiBhfse ftt;Ek T[Zs/ g?D tkb/ gqGktK d/ nfXn?B Bz{ th Pkfwb ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?.
                                   (x) okiBhfse rfsnkswesk d/ :Ksfoeh f;XKsK dk gqfsgkdB
                                   (x) okiBhfse rfsnkswesk d/ :Ksfoeh f;XKsK dk gqfsgkdB  (A set of Mechanistic
                                   (x) okiBhfse rfsnkswesk d/ :Ksfoeh f;XKsK dk gqfsgkdB
                                   (x) okiBhfse rfsnkswesk d/ :Ksfoeh f;XKsK dk gqfsgkdB
                                   (x) okiBhfse rfsnkswesk d/ :Ksfoeh f;XKsK dk gqfsgkdB
                                   Theories of Political Dynamics)^ w"AN/;feT{ dk ftuko ;h fe okiBhfse rshftfXnK d/ ftP/ ftZu f;XKs
                                   fBowkD eod/ ;w/A gqw[Zy rZb fJj fXnkB oyDh ukjhdh j? fe  f;XKsK dk nkXko wB[ZyK dhnK rshftXhnK
                                   iK wkBt fefonk jh oj/. okiBhfse gqfefonktK dk T[;B/ fJ; gqeko nfXn?B eoB dk ;[Mkn fdZsk fe T[BQK
                                   ft~u wB[Zy jh e/Ado oj/. fJj th s[bBkswe Yzr Bkb j'D s/ jh, okiBhfse fttjko dh tk;sfte rfsnkswesk
                                   dh sfj s~e gj[zu ;e/rk. fJ; s'A ;gPN j? fe w"AN/;feT{ B/ s[bBkswe okiBhfs Bz{ gqs~y o{g Bkb g'fPs ehsk
                                   ns/ ftP/Peo s[bBkswe g~Xsh Bz{ gfoPfeqs eoe/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk gqD/sk pfDnk.


                                         okiBhfse ftek; dk noE iK gfoGkPk
                                   1 1 1 1 1.3 33 3  okiBhfse ftek; dk noE iK gfoGkPk
                                         okiBhfse ftek; dk noE iK gfoGkPk
                                         okiBhfse ftek; dk noE iK gfoGkPk
                                         okiBhfse ftek; dk noE iK gfoGkPk  (The Meaning and
                                     3
                                         Definition of Political Development)
                                   okiBhfse ftek; dk noE ns/ gfoGkPk eoB s'A gfjbK fJ;d/ ;zpzX ftZu gqufbs T[;  fdqPNhe'D
                                   Bz{ ;wM b?Dk io{oh j? i' ftek; Bz{ ftP/P wkor s/ nro;o gqfeqnk d/ o{g ftZu b?Ad/ jB. okiBhfse


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