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bdkbZ—6% Hkkjr esa tkfr&O;oLFkk




            eè;izns'k] dukZVd] vkfn izns'kksa esa jktuhfr ls izsfjr tkrh; ¯glk dh ?kVukvksa dk lUnHkZ fn;k gSA ge ;gka  uksV
            mijksDr pkjksa dkj.kksa dk laf{kIr foospu djsaxsA

            Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)


            2- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iw£r djsa (Fill in the blanks)—

                 1. ----------------- osQ vuqlkj tkfr izcy rc gksrh gS] tc og nwljh tkfr ls la[;k esa vfèkd gksrh gSA

                 2. ekpZ 1990 rFkk vDVwcj 1994 osQ chp ------------- esa 30 ls Hkh vk£Fkd tkfr gR;kvksa dh ?kVuk,¡ gqb±A
                 3. ----------------- 1970 osQ izkjEHk esa ,d uDlyoknh usrk }kjk LFkkfir fd;k x;kA

                 4. ----------------- osQ fo'ys"k.k osQ fy, tkfr;ksa dks rhu lewgksa esa foHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

                 5. vUrtkZrh; rFkk ----------------- fookgksa dks oSèkkfud rFkk lkekftd ekU;rk iznku dj nh xbZ gSA

                 6. tkfr;ksa esa lkekftd laca/ ------------- esa tkfr dh izfLFkfr ij fuHkZj gksrs gSaA

            6-5 lkjka'k (Summary)



                 tkfr O;oLFkk osQ vè;;u esa bldk ;g vFkZ ugha gS fd lekt'kkL=kh] Hkkjr'kkfL=k;ksa rFkk lkekftd
                 ekuo'kkfL=k;ksa  dh rjg tkfr dks lkekftd Lrjhdj.k dk ifj.kke ugha ekurs gSaA lkekftd ekuo'kkL=kh
                 ,oa lekt'kkL=kh nksuksa gh tkfr O;oLFkk osQ cká igyw (,d tkfr osQ vU; tkfr;ksa ls lEcUèk) rFkk
                 vkUrfjd igyw (,d tkfr osQ vUnj lnL;ksa osQ ikjLifjd lEcUèk) dk vè;;u djrs gSa rFkk tkfr

                 O;oLFkk osQ ifj.kkeLo#i mRiUu gqbZ fLFkfr;ksa  dk fo'ys"k.k djrs gSaA tkfr O;oLFkk osQ fofHkUu i{kksa
                 osQ lekt'kkL=kh; fo'ys"k.k osQ igys tkfr dh voèkkj.kksa osQk le>uk vko';d gSA

                 tkfr dh lajpuk dk vè;;u bldh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa osQ fo'ys"k.k }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA cwxy us
                 tkfr osQ rhu rRo crk;s gSaμoa'kkuqxr fo'ks"kKrk] Js.khc¼rk] ,oa vkd"kZd o fojksèk_ gksdkVZ us èkkfeZd
                 fozQ;k&dykiksa dh ifo=krk vkSj vifo=krk ij cy fn;k gS] tcfd fjtys us vUrfoZokg (endogamy)

                 rFkk oa'kkuqxr is'ks  (occupation) ij cy fn;k gSA èkq;sZ] osQydj] ,u-osQ-nÙk] vkfn] us Hkh bUgha
                 fo'ks"krkvksa dh vksj laosQr fd;k gSA bu fo'ks"krkvksa dks crkrs le; bu lc fo}kuksa us tkfr dks ,d
                 bdkbZ rFkk ,d O;oLFkk osQ #i esa vUrj ugha fd;k gSA bl vUrj dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ;g ekuk tk
                 ldrk gS fd ,d bdkbZ osQ #i esa tkfr dh ;s fo'ks"krk,a gSa% oa'kkuqxr lnL;rk] vUrfoZokg] fuf'pr
                 O;olk;] rFkk tkfr lfefr;ka] tcfd O;oLFkk osQ #i esa tkfr dh fo'ks"krk,a gSa%Js.khozQe] [kkuiku ij
                 izfrcUèk] rFkk 'kkjhfjd o lkekftd nwfj;ksa ij izfrcUèkA ge tkfr dh bu O;oLFkk o bdkbZ dh

                 fo'ks"krkvksa dh vyx&vyx foospuk djsaxsA
                 cwxy us tkfr osQ rhu rRo crk;s gSaμoa'kkuqxr fo'ks"kKrk] Js.khc¼rk] ,oa vkd"kZd o fojksèk_ gksdkVZ
                 us èkkfeZd fozQ;k&dykiksa dh ifo=krk vkSj vifo=krk ij cy fn;k gS] tcfd fjtys us vUrfoZokg

                 (endogamy) rFkk oa'kkuqxr is'ks (occupation) ij cy fn;k gSA èkq;sZ] osQydj] ,u-osQ-nÙk] vkfn] us
                 Hkh bUgha fo'ks"krkvksa dh vksj laosQr fd;k gSA bu fo'ks"krkvksa dks crkrs le; bu lc fo}kuksa us tkfr
                 dks ,d bdkbZ rFkk ,d O;oLFkk osQ #i esa vUrj ugha fd;k gSA


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