Page 296 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV ifjorZu }kjk jkLrk [kksy fn;k FkkA blh vk/kj ij ¶izksVsLVsUV uSfrdrk¸ dk fodkl gqvk tks vkfFkZd
fodkl osQ fy, fgrdj FkkA bl ;wjksih; ?kVuk osQ fo"k; esa fy[krs gq, eSDl oscj us iw¡thoknh lekt
dh mu laLFkkvksa ij cy fn;k gS tks if'pe esa rsth ls vkfFkZd fodkl osQ lkFk feyrh gSaA
jksLVkso (Rostow, 1960: 4) us vkfFkZd fodkl dh ik¡p voLFkk,a crkbZ gSa% (i) ijEijkRed lekt (ii)

mRFkku (iii) mRFkku (izkjaHk) (iv) rduhdh ifjiDork dh izo`fÙk (v) mPp tu&miHkksxA
lajpukRed ifjorZu osQ fcuk vkfFkZd fodkl lEHko ugha gSA flaxj (H.W. Singer, See Jean
Meynaud Ibid: 157) tSls fo}kuksas us ekuk gS fd vfodflr ns'kksa esa vkfFkZd fodkl osQ fy,
vkS|ksxhdj.k vR;Ur vko';d gSA X+kjhc vfodflr ns'kksa esa 60» ls 80» tula[;k d`f"k esa layXu jgrh
gSA mu ns'kksa dh jk"Vªh; vk; o izfr O;fDr vk; vR;Ur fuEu gksrh gSA vr% ,sls ns'kksa osQ vkfFkZd fodkl

osQ fy, nks gh fodYi jg tkrs gSa% (i) orZeku d`f"k iz/ku <k¡ps esa lq/kj djosQ (;kfu fd orZeku <k¡ps
osQ vUrxZr fuEu mRiknu dks c<+k dj) vkSj (ii) lewps <k¡ps dks cnydj] vFkkZr~ d`f"k ls gVdj
vkS|ksfxd fodkl osQ fy, yx tkukA fu'p; ;g djuk gS fd dkSu lk fodYi pqukSrhiw.kZ gSA lgh fof/
;g gS fd nksuksa ij gh cy fn;k tk;sA
m|ksxksa osQ fodkl us gLrf'kYi dks lekIr dj fn;k vksj thou&fuokZg dh vulquh fof/;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkus yxkA O;kolkf;d xfr'khyrk rFkk iSr`d xkaoksa ls tkus dh izfØ;k us tkfr osQ mu ekun.Mksa dks rksM+uk
vkjEHk dj fn;k ftudk fookg ls dksbZ lEcU/ ugha FkkA vkS|ksxhdj.k ls ;krk;kr osQ u;s lk/u Hkh
fodflr gq,A ifj.kker% vlksa o jsyksa esa c<+rh gqbZ HkhM+ ls fofHkUu tkfr;ksa dh yk[ksa dh la[;ka esa yksxksa

dk ,d nwljs osQ lkFk mBus&cSBus osQ dkj.k laLdkfjd ifo=krk (ritual purity) lekIr lh gks xbZA
tSls&tSls vkS|ksfxd Jfed vius ifjokj xkaoksa esa NksM+ dj 'kgjksa esa ;k vkS|ksfxd {ks=kksa esa tkdj fofHkUu
tkfr;ksa osQ yksxksa osQ lkFk ,d gh edku esa jgus yxs oSls&oSls [kkus&ihus osQ fu"ks/ Hkh de izHkkoh gksrs x,A
uxjksa dk vfLrRo izkphu le; ls feyrk gS fdUrq vHkh gky rd os tula[;k osQ vis{kkd`r ,d NksVs
Hkkx dk gh izfrfuf/Ro djrs FksA vf/dka'k O;fDr;ksa dk thou izeq[k:i ls xzkeh.k lekt ;k xkao gh
cukrs FksA uxjksa vkSj egkuxjksa dh egkdk; o`f¼ fodkl vkSj tula[;k osQ cM+s Hkkx dh uxjh; {ks=kksa esa

tkuk fiNys ikap ,d n'kdksa dk gh fo'ks"k y{k.k jgk gSA uxjhdj.k vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr dk ifj.ke FkkA
blus osQfUnzr LFkkukasa (centralised locations) ij Jfedksa dh cM+h la[;k dh ekax dks mRiUu fd;kA
uxjhdj.k osQoy ifjokj osQ <kaps dks gh izHkkfor ugha djrk ijUrq og ifjokj osQ vkUrfjd vkSj
vUrj&ifjokj osQ lEcU/ksa vkSj mu dk;ks± dks tks ifjokj djrk gS dks Hkh izHkkfor djrk gSa 'kgjh ifjokjksa
ij vkbZ- ih- nslkbZ] dikfM;k] vksj ,yu jkl (Aillen Ross) tSls fo}kuksa }kjk fd;s x;s vkuqHkfod
vè;;uksa us cryk;k gS fd 'kgjh la;qDr ifjokj dk LFkku /hjs&/hjs ,dkdh ifjokj ys jgk gS] ifjokj
dk vkdkj fldqM+ jgk gS] vkSj fj'rsnkjh osQ lEcU/ osQoy nks ;k rhu ih<+h rd gh lhfer gks x;s gSaA

ns'k esa 'kgjh fodkl osQ dkj.k xzkeh.k O;fDr;ksa dk ,sls 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa viosQUnzh (centrifugal) iyk;u
gqvk tgka ij igqapus osQ fy;s tuksi;ksxh lsok,a lqxerk ls miyC/ FkhaA dbZ O;fDr 'kgjksa esa blfy;s x;s
D;ksa fd ogka jkstxkj miyC/ FksA tks vHkh Hkh xkaoksa esa cls gSa mUgsa Hkh 'kgjh thou dh lafo/k,a miyC/
gSa ;|fi os 'kgjh osQUnzksa ls ehyksa nwj gSaA mRd`"V jktekxZ] clsa o eksVjsa] jsfM;ks] Vsyhfotu vkSj v[kckj
xzkeh.kksa dks 'kgjh jkstxkj] vkSj 'kgjh vkokl vkSj xzkeh.k lEidZ us u osQoy lkekftd la:iksa esa dqN
ifjorZu fd;s gSa ijUrq thou dh ,d ubZ 'kSyh ls leUo; Hkh LFkkfir fd;k gSA

290 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY