Page 292 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV vPNs volj gksrs gSaA Hkkjr esa izolu osQ pkj la:i gSa% xzkeh.k ls xzkeh.k] xzkeh.k ls uxjh;] uxjh; ls uxjh;
vksj uxjh; ls xzkeh.kA ;|fi xzkeh.k ls xzkeh.k izolu vHkh rd lcls vf/d izpfyr iyk;u dk :i gS ijUrq
xzkeh.k ls uxjh; vkSj uxjh; ls uxjh; izolu Hkh bruk gh egRoiw.kZ gSA 1991 osQ tux.kuk osQ vkadM+s crkrs
gSa fd 64-5» izdj.kksa esa izolu xzkeh.k ls xzkeh.k dh vksj Fkk] 17-7» izdj.kksa esa ;g xzkeh.k ls uxjh; FkkA
vUr% ftys es izolu (de nwjh dk izolu)] vUrj&ftyk ;k vUr% jkT;ksa esa izolu (eè;e nwjh dk izolu)
vkSj vUrjjkT; izolu (yach nwjh dk izolu) dk fo'ys"k.k ;g crkrk gS fd yxHkx 68-0» izolu de nwjh
osQ gSa] 21-0» eè;e nwjh osQ gSa vkSj 11-0» yach nwjh osQ izolu gSaA
xzkeh.k nfjnzksa osQ 'kgj esa izos'k jktLo osQ lzksrksa dks de djrs gSaA nwljh vksj vktdy /uoku O;fDr mi&uxjh;
{ks=kksa esa jguk vf/d vPNk le>rs gSaA /uoku O;fDr;ksa osQ iyk;u ls uxj dks foÙkh; gkfu gksrh gSa bl izdkj
dk 'kgj esa izolu vkSj 'kgj ls nwj izolu ls leL;k,¡ c<+rh gSaA
vkS|ksfxd fodkl (Industrial Growth): Hkkjr esa tgka uxjh; tula[;k fodkl nj 4-0» gS] vkS|ksfxd
fodkl nj yxHkx 6-0» izfro"kZ gSA ukSoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk dh vfHk/kj.kk gS fd vkS|ksfxd fodkl nj 8-0»
izfro"kZ gksxhA og fodkl 'kgjksa dh c<+rh gqbZ jkstxkjh dh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ dj nsxkA r`rh; [k.M
(tertiary sector) Hkh izokfl;ksa dks vkJ; iznku djrk gS ;|fi mudh vkenuh cgqr de gksrh gSA
ljdkj dh mnklhurk (Apathy of the Government): gekjs uxjksa dh iz'kklfud vO;oLFkk Hkh uxjokfl;ksa
dh ijs'kkuh osQ fy;s mÙkjnk;h gSA uxjikfydk dh ljdkjsa uxj osQ fodkl osQ lkFk&lkFk izxfr ugha dj ikbZ
gSa pkgs oks LFkku dh n`f"V (spatially) ls gks ;k izcU/ dh milajpukvkasa (management infrastructures) dh
n`f"V lsA Hkfo"; osQ fy;s ;kstuk cukus d fy;s u rks ladYi gS vkSj uk gh {kerkA tks vHkh Hkh cuk gqvk gS
mlosQ izcU/ osQ fy;s Hkh dk;Z&dq'kyrk vkSj {kerk ugha gSA tc rd ge 'kgjksa dh viuk 'kklu pykus dh
{kerk dks ugha lq/kjrs rc rd ge 'kgjh xM+cM+h ij dkcw ugha ik ldrsA nwljh vksj] jkT; ljdkjsa Hkh LFkkuh;
ljdkjksa ij dbZ 'kgjh leL;kvksa osQ lek/ku osQ fy;s vko';d iSlk tqVkus ij dbZ izfrca/ yxk nsrs gSaA
nks"kiw.kZ uxj ;kstuk (Defective Town Planning): ukxfjd lsokvksa osQ Lrj esa O;kid fxjkoV dk ,d
vfèkd pkSadkus okyk dkjd gS gekjs vk;kstdksa vkSj iz'kkldksa esa c<+rh gqbZ fuLlgk;rk dh HkkoukA ;kstuk vk;ksx
ls uhps rd gekjs egkukxjksa osQ vfu;fU=kr fodkl osQ izfr ,d HkkX;oknh Lohd`fr ekywe gksrh gSA uxjhdj.k
osQ jk"Vªh; vk;ksx osQ lnL;ksa dh ekU;rk gS fd dkuiqj] fnYyh] eqEcbZ vkfn 'kgjksa rd osQ fy;s dqN Hkh ugha
fd;k tk ldrkA
fufgr LokFkZ dh 'kfDr;k¡ (Vested Interest Forces): uxjh; leL;kvksa dk vfUre dkj.k gS fufgr LokFkks±
dh 'kfDr;ka tks turk osQ fo#¼ dk;Z djrh gSa ijUrq futh O;kikfjd LokFkks± vkSj ykHkksa dks c<+krh gSaA tc ;s
'kfDr'kkyh fof'k"V O;fDr vf/d iSlk cuk ldrs gSa rks os ;kstuk;sa vkSj dk;ZØe cukrs le; budh ijokg ugha
djrs fd bl izfØ;k esa fdrus O;fDr;ksa dks gkfu gksxhA

uxjh; leL;kvksa osQ lek/ku (Solutions to Urban Problems): ;fn ge uxjh; leL;kvksa dk lek/ku
djuk pkgrs gSa rks gesa dqN mik; djus iM+saxsA bl laca/ esa fuEukafdr vkB mik;ksa osQ lq>ko fn;s tk ldrs gSaA
uxjh; osQUnzksa dk ;kstukc¼ fodkl vkSj jkstxkj osQ voljksa dk l`tu (Systematic Development of
Urban Centres and Creation of Job Opportunities): gekjh uxjh; leL;kvksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ lek/ku
rsth ls fodflr gksrs gq;s uxjh; osQUnzksa dk ;kstukc¼ fodkl vkSj fuos'k osQ dk;ZØe dh ;kstuk cukuk gS
ftlls vxys 10 o"kks± esa iwjs ns'k esa cM+h la[;k esa lqforfjr O;ogk;Z (viable) uxjh; osQUnz cu tk;saxksA vc
rd ge viuk è;ku vk- vkj- Mh- ih-] ,u- vkj- bZ- ih- vkSj vkj- ,y- bZ- th- ih- dk;ZØeksa osQ }kjk xzkeh.k
{ks=kksa esa osru ij jkstxkjh fnykus ij osQfUnzr dj jgs gSa ftlls fd O;fDr xkaoksa esa gh cls jgsaA tcfd xzkeh.k
jkstxkj miyC/ djkus dk cgqr vkSfpR; gS] ijUrq ;g vius vki esa i;kZIr ugha gSaA d`f"k {ks=k esa ykHkdj jktxkj

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