Page 294 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV O;kogkfjd vkoklh; uhfr dk viukuk (Adopting Pragmatic Housing Policy): ebZ 1988 esa osQUnz
ljdkj us ,d jk"Vªh; vkoklh; uhfr (National Housing Policy) cuk;h Fkh ftldk mís'; 'krkCnh osQ vUr
rd vkoklghurk (homelessness) dks lekIr djuk Fkk vkSj vkokl dh xq.koÙkk dks c<+k dj ,d fuf'pr de
ls de Lrj ij ykuk FkkA ;g uhfr vR;Ur egRokdka{kh vkSj vO;kogkfjd yxrh FkhA ijUrq vc ;g ,slk LoIu
yxrk gS tks lu~ 2010 rd iwjk gksuk vlaHko yxrk gSA ljdkjh uhfr vkSj vkSj ;kstuk dks vf/d O;kogkfjd
gksuk pkfg;sA bldk ;g vFkZ ugha fd ,u- ,p- ih- dh ifjdYiuk foosdghu gSA ,u- ,p- ih- dh j.kuhfr
O;kid gSA mlesa ;g iz;Ru fd;k x;k gS fd edkuksa osQ cukus osQ fy;s foÙk ljyrk ls miyC/ gks losQ vkSj
tehu ,oa edku cukus dk eky mfpr dherksa ij fey losQaA mlesa Hkou fuekZrkvksa dks u;s izdkj osQ fuekZ.k osQ
lkeku dk iz;ksx djus osQ fy;s izksR;kfgr djus dk Hkh mís'; gSA blosQ vfrfjDr og Hkw&LokfeRo] Hkwfe vf/xzgj.k
vkSj uxjikfydk osQ vf/fu;eksa vkSj fdjk;s osQ dkuwuksa ij iqufoZpkj djus dk iz;Ru djrk gSA ijUrq ;s lc isphnk

leL;k,¡ gSaA ,u- ,p- ih- /uoku fodkldksa] Hkwfeifrvksa vkSj BsosQnkjksa dh vksj vfHkeq[k gSA ,u- ,p- ih- dks jktlh
(luxurious) edkuksa osQ cukus dks grksRlkfgr gjuk pkfg;s vkSj lgdkjh vkSj lkewfgr vkoklh; laLFkkvksa dks
izksRlkfgr djuk pkfg;sA mls X+kjhcksa vkSj de vk; okys O;fDr;ksa osQ fy;s fo'ks"k ifj;kstuk;sa fodflr djuh pkfg;sA
mls ekfydksa dks deZpkfj;ksa osQ fy;s edku cukus osQ fy;s izksRlkgu nsuk pkfg;sA mls viuh 100 djksM+ #i;s dh
izkf/d`r iawth] tks foÙkh; vko';drkvksa dh fcYdqy iwfrZ ugha dj ik;sxh] dks c<+kuk pkfg;sA tc rd ,d vf/
d O;kogkfjd ,u- ,p- ih- ugha viukbZ tkrh] rc rd fu/kZfjr y{;ksa dh izkfIr vlaHko gksxhA
lajpukRed foosQUnzhdj.k (Structural Decentralisation): uo&ifjorZu okys (innovative) vk;kstdksa vkSj
dqN vkewy ifjorZokfn;ksa (radicals) dk ,d izLrko Lok;Ùk 'kklu osQ gh lajpukRed foosQUnzhdj.k dh dYiuk

djrk gSA blesa ^iM+ksl&fØ;k lewgksa* (neighbourhood-action groups) dk l`tu gks ldrk gSA ftUgsa
lkeqnkf;d osQUnz dgk tk;sxk vkSj muesa fuoklh vkSj uxjikfydk osQ izfrfuf/ gksaxsA ;s osQUnz iM+ksl dh
vko';drkvksa dh igpku djsaxs vkSj mudh iwfrZ dh fn'kk esa dk;Z djsaxsA mnkgj.kkFkZ] dbZ 'kgjksa esa dbZ ubZ
cfLr;ka LFkkfir gks xbZ gSa ftuesa 10]000 ls 50]000 O;fDr jgrs gSaA bl izdkj ;s cfLr;ka vius vki esa gh NksVs
dLcs gSaA dqN dj tSls Hkou dj] iFk dj] fo|qr dj] vkfn uxjikfydkvksa dks nsus osQ ctk; lh/s gh bu
lkeqnkf;d osQUnzksa dks fn;s tk ldrs gSaA ;s osQUnz iM+ksl osQ ekeyksa dks uxjikfydk fuxe dks Hksts fcuk gh Lo;a
budk lapkyu djsaxs] vkSj tek fd;s gq;s iSls ls lM+dksa] ykbVksa vkfn dk j[k&j[kkc djsaxsA 'kgj esa bl izdkj
osQ foosQUnzh; <kaps osQ fy;s ;g rdZ gS fd ogh O;oLfkk tks yk[kksa O;fDr;ksa dks mudh tu fu;fr (civic
destiny) ij vR;f/d fu;U=k.k dh vuqefr iznku djrh gS ogh mu laLFkkvksa dks] tks mudk thou O;ofLFkr
djrs gSa] O;ofLFkr djus esa izHkkoh Hkwfedk fuHkkus ls oafpr djrk gSa lkeqnkf;d osQUnz mUgsa viuk vuU;
(exclusive) okrkoj.k cukus dk volj iznku djsaxsA
vr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd uxjhdj.k vkSj uxjh;rk (urbanism) osQ izHkkoksa vkSj uxjksa dh leL;kvksa dk

dHkh lek/ku ugha gks ldrk tc rd uxjh; ;kstuk esa lq/kj ugha gksrk vkSj ekSfyd mik; ugha fd;s tkrsA ;s
ykHk osQ mís'; ij vk/kfjr ugha gksuspkfg;s ftlls fd dqN fufgr LokFkks± dks gh bldk ykHk fey losQA Hkwfe]
izkS|ksfxdh vkSj djksa dk mi;ksx lHkh O;fDr;ksa osQ ykHk osQ fy;s gksuk pkfg;s uk fd dqN 'kfDr'kkyh LokFkZ lewgksa
osQ fy;sA uxjokfl;ksa dks jktuSfrd n`f"V ls lfØ; gksuk iM+sxk vkSj uxjksa esa fo|eku vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd
O;oLFkkvksa esa ifjorZu ykus osQ fy;s laxfBr gksuk iM+sxk vkSj vkanksyu djuk gksxkA

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