Page 289 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

bdkbZ—14% ledkyhu Hkkjr esas lkekftd ifjorZu

'kgjhdj.k vkSj xzkeh.k thou (Urbanization and Village Life): fiNyh vk/h 'krkCnh ls gekjs ns'k esa uksV
'kgjh fodkl osQ dkj.k xzkeh.k O;fDr;ksa dk ,sls 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa viosQUnzh centrifugal) iyk;u gqvk tgka ij
igqapus osQ fy;s tuksi;ksxh lsok,a lqxerk ls miyC/ FkhaA dbZ O;fDr 'kgjksa esa blfy;s x;s D;ksa fd ogka jkstxkj
miyC/ FksA tks vHkh Hkh xkaoksa esa cls gSa mUgsa Hkh 'kgjh thou dh lafo/k,a miyC/ gSa ;|fi os 'kgjh osQUnzksa
ls ehyksa nwj gSaA mRd`"V jktekxZ] clsa o eksVjsa] jsfM;ks] Vsyhfotu vkSj v[kckj xzkeh.ksa dks 'kgjh jkstxkj] vksj
'kgjh vkokl vkSj xzkeh.k lEidZ us u osQoy lkekftd la:iksa esa dqN ifjorZu fd;s gSa ijUrq thou dh ,d
ubZ 'kSyh ls leUo; Hkh LFkkfir fd;k gSA xzkeh.ksa dks vc 'kgjh thou osQ ckjs esa vf/d tkudkjh gS vkSj mlls
os bl izdkj izHkkfor gq;s gSa fd vc oks tkfr] /eZ vkfn dks vR;f/d egRo ugha nsrsA os vius n`f"Vdks.k esa
vf/d mnkj gks x;s gSaA os vc vyxko esa ugha jgrsA dbZ fdlkuksa us [ksrh dh ubZ i¼fr;ksa viuk yh gSaA u
osQoy muosQ ewY;ksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa esa ifjorZu vk;k gS ijUrq muosQ O;ogkj esa Hkh ifjorZu gqvk gSA ttekuh
O;oLFkk detksj gks jgh gS vkSj vUrtkZrh; ,oa vUroZxhZ; laca/ksa esaifjorZu vk jgk gSA fookg] ifjokj vkSj tkfr
dh iapk;rksa dh laLFkkvksa esa Hkh ifjorZu gSA chekfj;ksa osQ mipkj osQ fy;s izkjfEHkd rjhdksa ij fuHkZj jgus osQ
ctk; os vc v/qfud ,yksisfFkd nokbZ dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA pqukoksa esa Hkh blh izdkj os ,d izR;k'kh dh èkkfeZd
vFkok lkekftd izfr"Bk osQ LFkku ij mldh {kerkvksa vksj jktuSfrd i`"BHkwfe dks egRo nsrs gSaA
ijUrq bldk ;g vFkZ ugha fd xkaoksa esa vc ijEijkvksa dk dksbZ egRo ugha gSA O;fDrokn ifjokjokn (familism)
dk LFkku ugha ys ik;k gS vkSj uk gh /eZfujis{krk ml cU/u dk LFkku xzg.k ik;h gS tks /kfeZd gSA

uxjhdj.k dh leL;k,sa (Problems of Urbanization): 'kgjh leL;k,sa vuUr gSaA u'khs inkFkks± dk O;lu]
Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj csjksT+kxkjh muesa ls dqN gSaA ge mu Ng xEHkhj leL;kvksa osQ izHkko {ks=k vkSj O;kidrk dk fo'ys"k.k
djsaxs ftudk bl iqLrd osQ nwljs vè;k;ksa esa mYys[k ugha gqvk gSA os gSa% (i) vkokl vkSj xanh cfLr;ka] (ii)
HkhM&HkkM+ vkSj fuO;ZDrhdj.k (depersonalisation), (iii) ikuh dh vkiwfrZ ,oa ty&fudkl (drainage), (iv)

ifjogu ,oa ;krk;kr] (v) fo|qr dh deh] vkSj (vi) iznw"k.kA
vkokl vkSj xanh cfLr;ka (Housing and Slums): 'kgj esa O;fDr;ksa dk vkokl ;k vkoklghurk (houselessness)
dks lekIr djuk ,d xaHkhj leL;k gSA ljdkj] m|ksxifr] iwathifr] lkglh O;fDr (enterpreneurs), fodkl
(developers), BsosQnkj vkSj edkunkj (landlords) fu/Zu vkSj eè;e oxZ osQ O;fDr;ksa dh vkoklh;
vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ ugha dj ik;s gSaA ,d ;w- ,u- vkbZ- dh fjiksVZ osQ vuqlkj (fn fgUnqLrku VkbEl] 9 ebZ]
1988)] Hkkjr osQ lcls cM+s uxjksa esa 'kgjh tula[;k osQ ,d pkSFkkbZ vkSj vkèks osQ chp O;fDr dkepykmQ
vkJ;ksa ,oa xanh cfLr;ksa esa jgrs gSaA ns'k osQ dqy ifjokjksa esa ls de ls de 15-0» ^vkokl ls oafpr gSa*] ?kjksa
osQ 60» ls vf/d esaa jks'kuh vkSj gok dh lqfo/k;sa vi;kZIr gSA vkSj 80» xzkeh.k tula[;k vkSj 30» 'kgjh
tula[;k dPps edkuksa esa jgrs gSaA yk[kksa O;fDr;ksa dks vR;f/d fdjk;k nsuk iM+rk gS tks muosQ lk/uksa ls ijs
gksrk gSA gekjh ykHk&vfHkeq[k vFkZO;oLFkk esa futh fodkldksa vkSj cfLr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djus okyksa dks fu/Zu vkSj
fuEu eè;oxZ osQ O;fDr;ksa osQ fy;s 'kgjksa esa edku cukus ls dqN ykHk ugha gksrkA os blosQ ctk; /ukM~; ,oa
mPp eè;e oxZ dh vkoklh; vko';drkvksa dhiwfrZ ij viuk è;ku osQfUnzr djrs gSaA blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i
fdjk;s c<+s gSA vkSj dqN miyC/ edkuksa osQ fy;s fdjk;s dh izfrLi¼kZ jgrh gSA yxHkx vk/h tula[;k osQ ikl
[kjkc edku gSa ;k os viuh vk; dk 20» fdjk;s ij O;; djrs gSaA dqN jkT;ksa esa vkoklu eaMyksa (Housing
Boards) vkSj uxj fodkl izkf/dj.kksa (City Development Authorities) us 'kgj dh vkoklh; leL;k dk
thou chek fuxe] gqMdks (HUDCO) vkSj bl izdkj dh vU; ,tsafl;ksa dh lfØ; foÙkh; lgk;rk osQ }kjk
lek/ku djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA os edku dh iwjh dher ekfld fd'rksa rd esa ysrs gSa vkSj 9» ls 18» rd
C;kt ysrs gSaA ijUrq bathfu;j vkSj <sosQnkj bu ljdkjh iz;klksa ls cgqr ykHk dekrs gSaA os fuekZ.k esa ?kfV;k eky
yxkrs gSa vkSj fu/kZfjr fofunsZ'kksa (specifications) dk mYya?ku djrs gq;s Hkouksa dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA [kjhnus okys

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