Page 284 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV vfèkd iznwf"kr gksrk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr D;ksafd og 'kS{kfd laLFkkvksa ls f?kjk gksrk gSa vksj blfy;s vfèkd
f'kf{kr gksrk gS] bl dkj.k 'kgj esa jgus okyk O;fDr vf/d foosdh] /eZfujis{k vkSj izfr;ksxh
(competitive) izd`fr dk gksrk gSA
5- lkekftd foHksnhdj.k (Social diferentiation): 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa O;fDr;ksa esa O;olk;ksa] /eZ] oxZ] thou
Lrjksa vkSj lkekftd fo'oklksa osQ vk/kj ij Hksn fd;k tkrk gSA fiQj Hkh os nwljs ij fuHkZj gksrs gSa vkSj
dk;Zjr laiw.kZ bdkbZ (functioning whole) osQ :i esa dk;Z djrs gSA
6- lkekftd xfr'kyrk (Social mobility): 'kgjh {ks=k lkekftd izfr"Bk esa ifjorZu ykus osQ volj iznku
djrs gSa ftlosQ dkj.k xkaoksa dh rqyuk esa 'kgjksa esa vf/d mQèoZxkeh (upward) xfr'khyrk gksrh gSA
xfr'khyrk lery (horizontal) ;k mne (vertical) gks ldrh gksA lkekftd xfr 'khyrk osQ vfrfjDr
gesa 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa HkkSxksfyd xfr'khyrk Hkh feyrh gSA
7- lkekftd var%fØ;k (Social interaction): 'kgjh fuokfl;ksa esa laca/ f}rh;d vkSj voS;fDrd gksrs gSaA
O;fDr vius fo'oklksa vkSj fopkj/kjkvksa dh vis{kk vU; O;fDr;ksa dh izfr"Bk vkSj izoh.krkvksa osQ izfr
vf/d fpfUrr jgrs gSaA fu;U=k.k bruk vkSipkfjd gksrk gS fd dbZ ckj og fopfyr O;ogkj dks mRiUu
dj nsrk gSA

8- lkekftd ,dkRerk (Social solidarity): xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa ;kaf=kd (mechanical) lkekftd ,dkRerk dh
rqyuk esa 'kgjh {ks=kksa lko;fod (organic) lkekftd ,dkRerk gksrh gSA ,slh ,dkRedk esa ;|fi izR;sd
dh viuh O;fDrdrk vkSj O;fDrRo gksrs gSa fiQj Hkh og nwljksa ij mudh fof'k"V Hkwfedkvksa osQ dkj.k
vf/d fuHkZj jgrk gSA

uxjh;rk dh fo'ks"krkvksa osQ mijksDr fooj.k ls ,slk vkHkkl gksrk gS fd tSls 'kgjksa esa O;fDrxr laca/] izkFkfed
lewg vkSj lkekftd ?kfu"Brk gksrh gh ugha gSaA ;fn tkucw> dj fodflr dh xbZ laLFkk;sa O;fDr;ksa dh
vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ djrh gSa rks izkFkfed lewg Hkh lnL;ksa dks tUe osQ vk/kj ij izos'k nsrs gSaA izkFkfed
lewg osQ lnL; ,d nwljs osQ feystqys fgrksa osQ dkj.k vkil esa ca/s jgrs gSaA muosQ laca/ vf/d HkkokRed vkSj
Hkkoizo.k (interense) gksrs gSaA izkFkfed lewg esa ,d lnL; f}rh;d lewgkas esa fof'k"V dk;Z djus osQ foijhr
fofo/ dk;Z djrk gSa mnkgj.k osQ fy;s] ,d ifjokj esa eka cPpksa vkSj ifjokj osQ lnL;ksa osQ fy;s jlksb;k] ulZ]
uSfrd f'k{kr vkSj rukoks osQ izca/d osQ :i esa dk;z djrh gSA ;|fi lkekftd ifjorZu us ifjokj] iM+ksl vkSj
led{k O;fDr;ksa osQ lewgksa osQ ca/u detksj dj fn;s gSa fiQj Hkh bu lewgksas dk iqjkus rjhdksa ls dk;Z djuk fcYdqy
lekIr ugha gks x;k gS vkSj ewy laca/ Hkh yqIr ugha gq, gSA ifjokj esa vfuok;Z Hkwfedk;sa fuHkkuk] iM+ksl esa lkekftd
lgHkkfxrk cuk;s j[kuk] tkfr osQ lkoZtfud ekeyksa esa lfEefyr gksuk vkSj vius lacaf/;ksa vkSj fe=kksa dh lgk;rk
osQ lzksr osQ :i esa dk;Z djuk 'kgjh thou dh vHkh Hkh egRoiw.kZ vkSj lkFkZ fo'ks"krk;sa gSaA Hkkjr esa dbZ vè;;uksa
(tSls dikfM+;k] lfPpnkuan] vkj- osQ- eqdthZ vkSj ,e- ,l- xksjs) us ;g n'kkZ;k gS fd xzkeh.k O;fDr] tks 'kgjksa esa
iokl dj tkrs gSa] xkao esa vkus ifjokjksa vkSj lacaf/;ksa ls laca/ cuk;s j[krs gSaA 'kgjksa esa Hkh os u osQoy vius xkao
;k vklikl osQ xkaoksa osQ O;fDr;ksa dh leL;kvksa osQ lek/ku esa enn djrs gSa cfYd viuh tkfr osQ lnL;ksa dk
Hkh ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa lkFk nsrs gSaA blls mudk 'kgjh thou osQ vuqdwy cuuk vf/d ljy gks tkrk gSA

uxjh; {ks=kksa dh o`f¼
;|fi uxjksa dk vfLrRo izkphu le; ls feyrk gS fdUrq vHkh gky rd os tula[;k osQ vis{kkd`r ,d NksVs
Hkkx dk gh izfrfuf/Ro djrs FksA vf/dka'k O;fDr;ksa dk thou izeq[k:i ls xzkeh.k lekt ;k xkao gh cukrs FksA
uxjksa vkSj egkuxjksa dh egkdk; o`f¼ fodkl vkSj tula[;k osQ cM+s Hkkx dh uxjh; {ks=kksa esa tkuk fiNys ikap
,d n'kdksa dk gh fo'ks"k y{k.k jgk gSA uxjhdj.k vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr dk ifj.ke FkkA blus osQfUnzr LFkkukasa
(centralised locations) ij Jfedksa dh cM+h la[;k dh ekax dks mRiUu fd;kA

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