Page 283 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

bdkbZ—14% ledkyhu Hkkjr esas lkekftd ifjorZu

4- O;ogkj dk ekudhdj.k (Standardisation of behaviour): 'kgjh thou O;fDr ls mlosQ O;ogkj osQ uksV
ekudhdj.k djus dh vIks{kk djrk gS tks vUrr% mls vksj nwljksa dks (ftuosQ laidZ esa og vkrk gS)
,d nwljs dks le>us esa enn djrk gS vkSj ikjLifjd laca/ksa dks vf/d ljy cukrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ]
,d nqdkunkj ls xzkgdksa dk rkark ,d gh izdkj osQ iz'u iwNrk gSA xzkgd fiQj fd'rksa esa caV tkrs
gSa&O;fDr tks Hkko dk eksy&rksy djrk gS] O;fDr tks xq.koÙkk (quality) pkgrk gS] O;fDr tks pth
ns[krk gS ijUrq mls [kjhnus dk mldk dksbZ bjknk ugha gksrk] vkfnA vuqHkoh nqdkunkj 'kh?kz gh ;g le>
tkrk gS fd og fdl fdLe osQ xzkgd ls fucV jgk gS vkSj og ,sls cspsus dh j.kuhfr dk mi;ksx djrk
gS ftls og ml fo'ks"k fdLe osQ xzkgd osQ fy;s lokZf/d izHkkoh le>rk gSa ;g nqdkunkj vkSj xzkgd
nksuksa dks fcØh dh dk;Zokgh ljyk vkSj 'kh?kz <ax ls djus esa lgk;d gksrk gSA bl izdkj dh ekufdr
(standardized) vis{kk;sa vkSj O;ogkj 'kgjhthou osQ vax gSaA cktkj] Dyc] jsLrjk¡] clsa] v[kckj] Vh-
oh- vkSj Ldwy@dkyst vkf/dka'k ekufdr fp=k iznf'kZr djrs gSaA ;fn ,d O;fDr bl izdkj osQ thou
esa ugha <y ikrk gS rks og vius dks vyx eglwl djrk gS vksj mlosQ lEeq[k laetu dh leL;k jgrh
gSA uxj dh tula[;k dk cM+k vkdkj O;ogkj osQ ekudhdj.k ij fo'ks"k cy nsrk gSa ijUrq bldk ;g
vFkZ ugh gksrk fd O;fDrxr vfHkeq[khdj.kksa esa fHkUurk (divergence in individual orientations)
laHko ugha gSA

lkjksfdu vkSj ftejesu us 'kgjh lkekftd O;oLFkk dh fuEukafdr fo'ks"krkvksa dh igpku dh gS%
1- xSj&d`f"kd O;olk; (Non-agricultural occupation): xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk dk izeq[k vk/kj d`f"k gS]
O;kikj vkSj m|ksx 'kgjh vFkZO;oLFkk dk vk/kj gSA O;olk; dh fHkUurk ;g lqfuf'pr djrh gS fd
xzkeh.k izkd`frd okrkoj.k es dk;Z djrs gSa ftlesa xehZ] lnhZ vkSj vknzrk (humidity) dks vfHkuo
ifjorZu okyh izoh.krkvksa (innovative skills) ls fu;fU=kr fd;k tkrk gSa tsEl fofy;El (1958) osQ

vuqlkj d`f=ke okrkoj.k esa dke djus ls O;fDr;ksa osQ fopkj vkSj O;ogkjksa osQ la:i izHkkfor gksrs gSaA
bl izdkj O;kolkf;d fHkUurkvksa osQ dkj.k 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa gesa mnkj ,oa :f<+oknh] vk/qfud ,oa
ijaijkoknh] vkSj vlekftd ,oa lkekftd O;fDr feyrs gSaA
2- tula[;k dk vkdkj (Size of population): 'kgjh leqnk; xzkeh.k leqnk;ksa dh vis{kk cgqr vf/d cM+s
gksrs gSaA ,d vksj ukSdjh osQ voljksa dh miyC/rk vkSj nwljh vksj HkkSfrde ,oa 'kS{kf.kd] fpfdRlk vkSj
euksjatu dh lqfo/k;sa O;fDr;ksa dks 'kgjksa dh vksj vkdf"kZr djrs gSaA
3- tula[;k dh l/urk (Density of population): xkaoksa esa O;fDr;ksa dks vius d`f"k osQ /a/ksa dk fujh{k.k
djus osQ fy; osQ vius [ksrksa osQ ikl jguk iM+rk gSA ijUrq 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa O;fDr;ksa dk vkokl muosQ
nÝrjksa] cktkjksa] cPpksa osQ Ldwy@dkyst vkfn osQ LFkku ij fuHkZj gksrk gSA bl dkj.k mu {ks=kksa esa tgka
bu lqfo/kvksa dk cgqY; gS tula[;k dh l/urk (density) vf/d gksrh gSA Hkkjr esa tula[;k dh

vkSlr l/urk izfr oxZehy egkuxjksa esa 3]000 vkSj 5]000 O;fDr;ksa osQ chp gksrh gSa bl vf/d l/
urk osQ vkus iQk;ns vkSj uqdlku gSaA ykHk rks ;s gSa fd lkekftd laidZ c<+rs gSa] lHkh vko';d lqfo/
k;sa ljyrk ls izkIr gks tkrh gS vkSj fe=kksa dk p;u ls laca/ vkSipkfjd vkSj voS;fDrd gksrs gSa vkSj
muosQ ekufld ruko c<+ tkrs gSaA
4- i;kZoj.k (Environment) cukZMZ (1971) us pkj izdkj osQ i;kZoj.k dk mYys[k fd;k gS% igyk]
HkkSfrd (tyok;q)_ nwljk] tSfod (tkuoj)_ vkSj isM+&ikS/s] rhljk] lkekftd] 'kkjhfjd&lkekftd
(physio-social) (e'khusa] dyiqtsZ] midj.k) vkSj euksoSKkfud&lkekftd (jhfr&fjokt] ijaijk;sa]
laLFkk;sa] vkfn) vkSj pkSFkk] fefJr (vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd vkSj 'kS{kf.kd iz.kkfy;ksa)A 'kgjh okrkojk

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