Page 287 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

bdkbZ—14% ledkyhu Hkkjr esas lkekftd ifjorZu

(authority of the partiarch) lekIr gks tk;sxhA tc ,slk gksxk rks lacaf/;ksa osQ vkSj cM+s lewg esa igpku osQ uksV
fy;s dqN Hkh ckdh ugha jg tk;sxkA¸ gekjk viuk fopkj gS fd 'kgjh Hkkjr esa (vkSj bl fo"k; esa lkjs Hkkjr
esa) ifjokj dHkh Hkh ugha VwVsxk ijUrq og ,d 'kfDr'kkyh bdkbZ cuk jgsxkA
uxjhdj.k vkSj tkfr (urbanization and Caste): uxjhdj.k] f'k{kk] vkSj O;fDrxr miyfC/ (individual
achievement) vkSj vk/qfud izfLFkfr dh vksj vfHkeq[khdj.k dk fodkl (development of an orientation)
tkfr dh igpku dks de djrk gSA uxj osQ yksx ,sls laca/ksa osQ tky (networks) esa Hkkx ysrs gSa ftues dbZ
tkfr;ksa osQ O;fDr gksrs gSaA jtuh dksBkjh osQ vuqlkj] O;fDr osQ izfr oiQknkjh dk LFkku ,d nwljs dks dkVus okyh

oiQknkfj;ksa us ys fy;k gS vkUnzs fcrsb us dgk gS fd ik'pkR; jax esa jaxs gq;s vfHktu (elite) esa oxZ osQ ca/u tkfr
osQ ca/uksa ls dgha vf/d egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSaA
dqN tkfr;ksa osQ f'f{kr lnL;] dks vk/qfud O;olk;ksa esa gSa] dHkh&dHkh ncko&lewg (pressure group) osQ :i
es laxfBr gks tkrs gSA bl izdkj ,d tkfr nwljs ncko lewgksa osQ lkFk jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd lalk/uksa osQ fy;s
,d lkewfgd bdkbZ (corporate body) dh rjg izfrLi¼kZ djrh gSA bl izdkj dk laxBu ,d ubZ izdkj dh
vis{kk lkekftd oxks± dh rjg vf/d dk;Z djrh gSA

,d vkSj ifjorZu tks ge vkt dy ns[krs gS og gS mitkfr;ksa dk foy;u (fusion) vkSj tkfr;ksa dk foy;uA
dksysUMk (1984% 150&151) us rhu izdkj osQ foy;u dh igpku dh gS% (i) jksT+kxkj esa vkSj 'kgj dh vis{kkd`r
ubZ cfLr;ksa esa fofHkUu mitkfr;ksa vksj tkfr;ksa osQ O;fDr ,d nwljs ls feyrs gSA os izk;% yxHkx cjkcj osQ ntsZ
osQ gksrs gSa vkSj bu esa iM+ksl dh ;k dk;kZy; lewg dh ,drk fodflr gksrh gSA bl rjg dh pht cM+s 'kgjksa
esa ljdkjh cfLr;ksa esa vke:i ls ikbZ tkrh gS_ (ii) vUrj&mi&tkrh; fookg gksrs gSa vkSj blls mitkfr;ksa osQ
foy;u dks izksR;kgu feyrk gSA ;g blfy;s gksrk gS fd dbZ ckj f'kf{kr csVh osQ fy;s viuh gh mi&tkfr esa
i;kZIr :i ls f'kf{kr cj ugha feyrk] ijUrq djhc dh mi&tkfr esa fey tkrk gS_ (iii) yksdrkaf=kd jktuhfr
(democratic politics) mi&tkfr;ksa vkSj lfUudV cu losQA bldk ,d mnkgj.k rfeyukMq osQ nzfoM+ eqUuVk
dT+kxe (Mh- ,e- osQ) vkSj vUuk nzfoM+ eqUuVk dT+kxe (,- Mh- ,e- osQ-) osQ nyksa dk gS ftudk laxBu mPp
xSj czkg.k tkfr;ksa osQ lnL;ksa }kjk fd;k x;k gSA
'kgj osQ yksx tkfr osQ izfrekuksa osQ vuqlkj iw.kZ:i ls ugha pyrsA [kkuiku laca/ksa] oSokfgd laca/ks vkSj
O;kolkf;d laca/ksa esa ifjorZu gqvk gSA fcgkj esa tkfr O;oLFkk osQ ,d vè;;u esa ik;k x;k fd uxjhdj.k us
tkfr O;oLFkk osQ ,d vè;;u esa ik;k x;k fd uxjhdj.k us tkfr O;oLFkk dh lc fo'ks"krkvksa dks leku:i
ls izHkkfor ugha fd;k gSA ikap fofHkUu tkfr;ksa (czkã.k] jktiwr] /ksch] vghj] vkSj pekj) osQ 200 O;fDr;ksa osQ
vè;;u osQ vk/kj ij ik;k x;k fd lHkh izR;kfFkZ;ksa us viuh gh tkfr esa fookg fd;k Fkk] ;|fi 'kgjksa esa jg
jgs izR;kfFkZ;ksa esa ls 20» vUrtkZrh; fookgksa osQ i{k esa FksA blosQ foijhr xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa 5-0» FksA O;olk; osQ
laca/ esa 'kgj esa ,d Hkh izR;FkhZ vius ikjaifjd tkfr osQ /a/s esa ugha Fkk] tcfd xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa 81-0» izR;FkhZ

vHkh rd vius ikjaifjd tkfr osQ /a/s ls tqM+s gq,s FksA blh izdkj tkrh; ,drk xzkeh.k {ks=kksa dh vis{kk 'kgjh
{ks=kksa esa bruh etcwr ugha FkhA tkfr;ksa dh iapk;rsa 'kgjksa esa cgqr detksj FkhA /q;sZ (1952)] dikfM+;k (1959)]
ckuZokl] ;ksxsUnz flag] vkj- osQ- eq[kthZ] Jhfuokl] ;ksxs'k vVy vkSj ,l- lh- nqcs us Hkh tkfr ij uxjhdj.k osQ
izHkko dk mYys[k fd;k gSA
uxjhdj.k vkSj efgykvksa dh izfLFkfr (Urbanization and Status of Women): efgykvksa dh izfLFkfr
xzkeh.k {ks=kksa dh rqyuk esa 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa vf/d mQaph gSA rqyukRed :i ls 'kgjh efgyk,¡ vf/d f'kf{kr ,oa
mnkj gSaA xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa 25-1» lk{kj efgykvksa osQ foijhr 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa 1991 esa 54-0» efgyk,¡ FkhaA muesa
ls dqN dk;Zjr Hkh FkhaA bl izdkj mUgsa u osQoy vius vkfFkZd] lkekftd vkSj jktuSfrd vf/dkjksa dh tkudkjh

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