Page 41 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

bdkbZ—2% Hkkjrh; lekt osQ egÙoiw.kZ rRo

2-2 Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k ,oa uxjh; leqnk; (Village and Urban Communities in uksV

India)

Hkkjr ewyr% xk¡oksa dk ns'k gS D;ksafd blesa 6 yk[k ls vf/d xk¡o gSaA Hkkjr osQ lkekftd thou dh rhu fu.kkZ;d
laLFkk,¡μxk¡o] tkfr vkSj la;qDr ifjokj gSaA bUgksaus u osQoy fons'kh vkØe.k vkSj vkUrfjd fojks/kHkklksa ls mRiUu
vk?kkrksa dks gh >syk gS cfYd lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd ifjorZuksa dh rkdrksa dks vkRelkr fd;k gS vkSj lEeq[k
vkbZ gqbZ vko';drkvksa rFkk psrkofu;ksa osQ vuqlkj vius vkidks <ky Hkh fy;k gSA tkfr O;oLFkk vkSj la;qDr
ifjokj osQ ckjs esa ppkZ ckn esa dh tk,xhA ;gk¡ ij ge xzkeh.k leqnk; dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa osQ ckjs esa eksVs
rkSj ij o.kZu djsaxsA

2-2-1 izkphu Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k leqnk;

viLrEc /eZlw=k osQ vuqlkj jktk uxjksa vkSj xzkeksa osQ fy, lqifjHkkf"kr vf/dkj {ks=kksa osQ lkFk jkT; inkf/dkfj;ksa
(vè;{k ;k vf/il) dks fu;qfDr djrs FksA fo".kq Le`fr esa mYys[k gS fd jktk 1] 10 vkSj 100 xk¡oksa vkSj lEiw.kZ
xzkeh.k {ks=kksa osQ fy, vf/dkfj;ksa dh ,d Ük`a[kyk fu;qDr djrk FkkA dkSfVY; osQ vuqlkj] xzkeh.k vkSj uxjh;
{ks=kksa osQ fy, rhu Jsf.k;ksa esa vf/dkfj;ksa dks mÙkjnkf;Ro lkSaik tkrk FkkA legÙkZ ;k iznsLrk ,d xzkeh.k {ks=k ;k
tuin dk eqf[k;k gksrk FkkA tuin esa pkj e.My gksrs Fks vkSj izR;sd e.My dks l¡Hkkyus dk mÙkjnkf;Ro ,d
LFkkfud ij jgrk FkkA bu vf/dkfj;ksa dk eq[; drZO; turk osQ tku&eky dh j{kk djuk FkkA ;fn fuEu Js.kh
dk vf/dkjh viuk mÙkjnkf;Ro fuHkkus esa liQy ugha gqvk rks mls vius ls mPp vf/dkjh dks fjiksVZ nsuh iM+rh
FkhA dkSfVY; osQ vuqlkj] ;g vf/dkjh O;fDrxr :i ls yksxksa osQ thou dh j{kk] jktLo cdk;k vkSj ?kkVs
lEcU/h vk¡dM+s j[kus vkSj 800] 400 vkSj 10 xk¡oksa dh bdkb;ksa osQ eq[;ky;ksa ij flfoy vkSj iQkStnkjh eqdnes
fuiVkus osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h FksA
/eZlw=kksa osQ vuqlkj] eqf[k;k dh fu;qfDr jktk djrk FkkA dkSfVY; osQ vFkZ'kkL=k osQ vuqlkj eqf[k;k dk in oa'kkuqxr
Fkk] ijUrq jktk }kjk mldh iqf"V gksuh vko';d FkhA ,d tkrd dFkk esa o.kZu feyrk gS fd xk¡oksa osQ dkeksa osQ
izcU/ djus osQ fy, xzke lHkk,¡ gksrh FkhaA i.M~;k vkSj pksy 'kklu osQ vUrxZr ,d dk;Zdkfj.kh ;k fofHkUu dk;Zdkjh
lfefr;ksa dh enn ls lqxfBr xzke lHkk,¡ gksrh Fkha ftudks Lo'kklu osQ fy, O;kid vf/dkj izkIr FksA dk;Zdkfj.kh
;k dk;Zdkjh lfefr;k¡ turk }kjk fu£er fu;eksa osQ vuqlkj turk }kjk gh fuokZfpr dh tkrh FkhaA bu lHkkvksa dh
izfr"Bk budh U;k;fu"Bk vkSj bZekunkjh osQ dkj.k cgqr vf/d FkhA budks jktk dk laj{k.k izkIr FkkA eafnjksa osQ dks"kksa
dk izcU/ Hkh bu lHkkvksa }kjk fd;k tkrk FkkA >xM+ksa dk fuiVkjk] Hkwfe nku] vLirkyksa dh LFkkiuk vkSj izcU/]
nku'khy laLFkkvksa dh ns[kHkky vkSj djksa dk fu;U=k.k vkfn vusd dk;Z bu lHkkvksa dks djus iM+rs FksA
cq¼ osQ le; (bZlk iwoZ NBh lnh) xk¡o lkewfgd thou dh ,d Lok;Ùk bdkbZ Fkh ftlesa dj] f'k{kk] >xM+ksa
dk fuiVkjk vkSj lkoZtfud dk;Z fd, tkrs FksA bl dky esa xzkeh.k leqnk; esa vusd ifjorZu gq,A ikyh Hkk"kk
osQ xzaFkksa esa xkekHkkstd ('kkgh iQjeku }kjk xk¡o esa jktLo izkIrdrkZ) dks funZ;h dgk x;k gS] D;ksafd og euekuh
ek¡xsa iwjh djosQ yksxksa dks ywVrk Fkk vkSj dHkh&dHkh ykssxksa osQ Lok;Ùk vkSj lgk;d thou esa Hkh gLr{ksi djrk FkkA
bl dky esa yksxksa us esyksa vkSj vkuanksRloksa esa Hkkx ysdj viuk euksjatu fd;kA i'kqvksa dh yM+kbZ] uVckth] tknw
osQ [ksy] ukp vkSj ukVd vkfn dk izcU/ fd;k tkrk FkkA os';ko`fÙk] efnjkiku vkSj tqvk lkekU; cqjkb;k¡ FkhaA
bZlk iwoZ pkSFkh 'krkCnh esa Xokys] f'kdkjh] dkjhxj] flikgh] xqIrpj vkSj ik"kZn (jktk osQ inkf/dkjh) uke dh
lkr tkfr;ksa osQ ik, tkus dk mYys[k gSA okLro esa ;s O;kolkf;d lewg Fks u fd oa'kkuqØe.k ij vk/kfjr
tkfr;k¡A vUrtkZrh; fookg vke fjokt FkkA ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd bl dky esa lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd foHksnksa
dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ FkhA blls iwoZ xk¡o esa 'kkld vkSj 'kkflr osQ :i esa HksnHkko ik, tkrs FksA xk¡oksa osQ chp lEcU/
ik, tkrs FksA xk¡oksa osQ jktk vkSj 'kgjokfl;ksa ls lEcU/ FksA nksuksa ij gh jktk vkSj mlosQ }kjk fu;qDr vf/dkfj;ksa
dk 'kklu FkkA

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