Page 36 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV lkekftd vU;k; vkSj 'kks"k.k ls j{kk djsxkA fiQj Hkh ,slh tutkfr;k¡ gSa tks vuqlwfpr ugha gSa ysfdu Hkkjr dh
tula[;k esa detksj ekuh tkrh gSaA tutkfr;k¡ f'k{kk vkSj vk£Fkd {ks=kksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls nqcZy gSaA Hkkjrh; lekt
osQ izHkq oxZ eq[;r% fgUnw tehankjksa vkSj lkgwdkjksa us mudk 'kks"k.k fd;k gSA m|ksxifr;ksa us vkfnoklh {ks=kksa esa
dkj[kkus LFkkfir djus osQ fy, mudh tehusa [kjhn yhaA cktkj esa cspus osQ fy, vkfnoklh }kjk ykbZ xbZ ou
mit cgqr lLrs nkeksa esa [kjhn yh tkrh gSaA

vusd vkfnokfl;ksa us 'kks"k.k ls eqfDr ikus vkSj viuh izfLFkfr rFkk lEeku dks maQpk mBkus ds fy, viuh
tutkrh; igpku lekIr dj nh ,oa fgUnw] bZlkbZ ;k bLyke /eZ viuk fy;kA
dHkh&dHkh tutkrh; lewg vkSj tkrh; lewg esa Li"V vUrj dj ikuk Hkh dfBu gks tkrk gSA tutkfr;ksa esa ,d
vksj rks f'kdkjh vkSj [kk| laxzkgd gSa vkSj nwljh vksj ,sls vkfnoklh gSa tks xk¡o esa cls gq, gSa vkSj O;kikfjd
n`f"V ls tkrh; lewgksa dh rjg dk;Z djrs gSaA

vkfnokfl;ksa esa viuh i`Fkdrk dk cgqr vkHkkl gS vkSj os vius vkidks xSj&vkfnoklh tkfr;ksa] eqlyekuksa vkSj
bZlkb;ksa ls vyx ekurs gSaA Hkk"kk mudh igpku dk ,d cgqr cM+k vk/kj gSA vU; y{k.kksa osQ vykok cksypky
dh Hkk"kkvksa osQ vk/kj ij eq.Mk] laFkky vkSj gks tutkfr;ksa dh fof'k"V igpku dh tkrh gSA cgqr lh tutkfr;k¡
,sls igkM+h vkSj taxyh {ks=kksa esa jgrh gSa tgk¡ tula[;k fNrjh gqbZ gS vkSj lapkj dfBu gSA vkfnoklh iwjs
miegk}hi esa iSQys gSa] ijUrq if'pe caxky] fcgkj] mM+hlk] eè;izns'k] jktLFkku] xqtjkr vkSj egkjk"Vª esa budk
eq[; vk/kj gSA

2-1-1 tutkrh; lekt dh ifjHkk"kk

eSaMsyckWe osQ vuqlkjμlEiw.kZ lekt esa tutkrh; thou dh dfM+;k¡ ca/qrk ij vk/kfjr gSaA ca/qrk fliZQ lkekftd
laxBu dk gh fl¼kUr ugha gS cfYd ;g mÙkjkf/dkj] Je foHkktu] lÙkk vkSj fo'ks"kkf/dkjksa osQ forj.k dk
fl¼kUr Hkh gSA tutkrh; lekt vkdkj esa NksVs gksrs gSaA vius lkekftd laca/ksa osQ vuq:i tutkrh; yksxksa dks
viuh uSfrdrk] /eZ vkSj fo'on`f"V gksrh gSA laFkky] xkSaM vkSj Hkhy vkfn oqQN tutkfr;ksa dh tula[;k cgqr gSA
'kkyhUl osQ vuqlkj ¶tutkrh; lekt¸ 'kCn [k.Mh; O;oLFkk rd lhfer gSA [k.Mh; O;oLFkkvksa esa laca/ y?kq
Lrj ij gksrs gSa] muesa Lok;Ùkrk gS vkSj dfri; fof'k"V {ks=kksa esa ;s lekt ,d&nwljs ls Lora=k gSaA ;g ckr ge
fcgkj dh laFkky] mjk¡o vkSj eq.Mk rFkk jktLFkku dh Hkhy] ehuk vkSj xjkfl;k tutkfr;ksa osQ ckjs esa dg ldrs
gSaA tkfr;ksa dh izÑfr lko;oh gS D;ksafd izR;sd tkfr ttekuh O;oLFkk] [kku&iku vkSj fookg laca/ksa osQ lanHkZ
esa lko;oh lEiw.kZrk dk ,d vax gSA lko;oh laca/ksa osQ fl¼kar }kjk lkekftd thou esa fofHkUu tkfr;ksa dh
,d&nwljs ij vUr£uHkZjrk dks le>k tk ldrk gSA tkfr lewg fof'k"V iznÙk dlkSfV;ksa osQ vk/kj ij laLrj.kh;
:i esa O;ofLFkr gSaA

Hkkjr esa tutkfr;ksa dks le>us osQ fy, ^tu*] ^Ñ"kd* vkSj ^uxj* ;k ^tutkrh;*] ^tu* vkSj ^vfHktkr* osQ
chp foHksnksa dk fo'ys"k.k [kkl ykHknk;d ugha gSA HkkSxksfyd ck/k vkSj lapkj dh leL;k] rqyukRed lkaLÑfrd
Lok;Ùkrk vkSj vk£Fkd vkRefuHkZjrk osQ ckotwn fcgkj dh tutkfr;ksa esa ikjLifjd vUr%fØ;k vkSj lg;ksx gksrs
jgs gSa D;ksafd mudk fopkj gS fd muosQ ijEijkxr Hkwfe lEcU/] vk£Fkd vkRefuHkZjrk rFkk lkaLÑfrd Lok;Ùkrk
dks leku cká [krjk gS] fgUnw tehankjksa] caxkyh lkgwdkjksa vkSj fczfV'k iz'kklu us bu vkfnokfl;ksa dk tkuysok
vkSj iw.kZ vekuoh; 'kks"k.k fd;kA vUrtZutkrh; i`Fkdrk vkSj lkaLÑfrd vuU;rk dHkh Hkh ugha FkhA fcgkj dh
tutkfr;ksa us vius 'kks"kdksa osQ fo#¼ turk dks txk;kA mUgksaus iz'kklu] uxj] vfHktkr vkSj ckgjh yksxksa osQ lkFk
lEioZQ LFkkfir fd;kA >kj[k.M {ks=k ftlesa fcgkj] caxky] eè;izns'k] vkSj mM+hlk dh cgqr&lh milaLÑfr;k¡ gSaA
eq.Mk] mnk¡o] gks vkSj laFkky bl {ks=k dh izeq[k tutkfr;k¡ gSa tks ou lEink] fLFkj Ñf"k] m|ksxksa vkSj dks;yk [kkuk a s

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