Page 81 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

bdkbZ—4% ifjokj

Hkkjrh; lekt esa lkekU; izFkk ;g gS fd uo nEifÙk ,d Lora=k vkRefuHkZj ?kj esa oSokfgd thou izkjEHk ugha uksV
djrs] cfYd ifr ds ekrk&firk ds lkFk izkjEHk djrs gSaA blds foijhr if'peh lekt esa Hkys dh iq#"k o
mldh iRuh nksuksa esa ls fdlh ds Hkh ekrk&firk ds lkFk ,d gh Nr ds uhps oSokfgd thou izkjEHk djsa (tks
fd edkuks dh deh ds dkj.k dHkh&dHkh gksrk gS)] ysfdu bldks os yks vkikrdkyhu O;oLFkk ekudj gh
Lohdkj djrs gSa vkSj bl O;oLFkk dks os vLFkkbZ gh ekurs gSaA tSls gh lEHko gksrk gS os viuk Lora=k ^^?kj**
(household) LFkkfir dj ysrs gSaA ;fn fdlh dkj.ko'k os blesa vleFkZ jgrs gSa vkSj ;fn vkus okys eghuksa
esa oSokfgd dfBukb;ka mRiUu gksrha gSa rks loZ izFke os vius ekrk&firk ds ^^?kj** ls i`Fkd gks tk;saxsA lajpuk
ds mijksDr vkn'kZ ds vk/kj ds dkj.k ifjokj ds oxhZdj.k dk gekjk vk/kj u rks ?kj ds lnL;ksa dh la[;k
gh gksuk pkfg, (tSlk ckseSu us fd;k Fkk) vkSj u gh O;fDrxr lnL;ksa dh fØ;kvksa dk vfHkeq[khdj.k
(orientation) (tSlk vkbZ-ih-nslkbZ us fd;k Fkk) cfYd fuokl] fuHkZjrk vkSj ukrsnkjh lEcU/ksa dh foLr`fr
(range) dks ,d lkFk ekudj gh ifjokjksa dk oxhZdj.k djuk pkfg,A bl vk/kj ij ge ifjokjksa dks nks lewgksa
esa oxhZÑr dj ldrs gSa% ^^ijEijkRed** vkSj ^^fo[kf.Mr**A izFke lewg dks rhu mi foHkkxksa esa Hkh oxhZÑr
fd;k tk ldrk gSa% foLr`r ifj{ks=k dk ukrsnkjh ifjokj (large range kinship family), eè;;e ifj{ks=k dk
ukrsnkjh ifjokj (intermediate range kinship family), rFkk y?kq ifj{ks=k dk ukrsnkjh ifjokj (small range
kinship family)A f}rh; lewg dks vkfJr (dependent) ifjokj vkSj vukfJr (independent) ifjokj esa
foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

js[kkfp=k 7

z
ifjokj ds idkj

ijEijkRed fo[kf.Mr

s
foLr`r ifj{ks=k dk eè;e ifj{ks=k dk y?kq ifj{k=k dk vukfJr ifjokj vukfJr ifjokj
ukrsnkjh ifjokj ukrsnkjh ifjokj ukrsnkjh ifjokj

fo[kf.Mr vukfJr ifjokj (fissioned independent family) og gS] ftlesa ifr] iRuh vkSj muds vfookfgr
cPps gksrs gSa] ftlesa ifjokj dk eqf[k;k u rks fdlh fj'rsnkj ds vf/dkj ij vkfJr gS vkSj u gh mu ij
vkfFkZd #i ls vkfJr gksrk gSa_ vkSj fo[kf.Mr vkfJr ifjokj (fissioned dependent family) og gksrk gS tgka
lnL; (ifr] iRuh] vkSj vfookfgr iq=k o iqf=k;ka) vyx ?kj esa jgrs gSa] ysfdu ;k rks dk;ksZ dh n`f"V ls ;k
lEifÙk dh n`f"V ls vius ukrsnkjksa (firk] HkkbZ] nknk] vkfn) ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA og bdkbZ ,d thfor dqyfirk
(patriach) dh lÙkk ds vk/hu Hkh gksrh gSA

ijEijkxr ifjokjksa esa foLr`r ifj{ks=k ds ukrsnkjh ifjokj esa pkj izdkj ds Lotu@ukrsnkj gksrs gSa% izkFkfed]
f}rh;d] r`rh;d rFkk nwjLFkA ;ksa Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd foLr`r ifj{ks=k dk ukrsnkjh ifjokj og gS ftlesa

de ls de nks lxks=kh fudV dh ihf<+;ksa ds izR;sd HkkbZ ds tuu ifjokj (family of orientation) ds gksa (tSlsa
fp=k 8 (i) esa ^^v** vkSj ^^c** f}rh; ih<+h esa rFkk ^^d** vkSj ^^u** r`rh; ih<+h esa vkSj ekrk igyh ih<+h
esa n'kkZ;s x;s gSa)A ,sls ifjokj dk mnkgj.k og ifjokj gS ftlesa nks fookfgr HkkbZ gksaxsA (tSls fp=k 8 (i) esa

^^v** vkSj ^^c**)] muds ekrk&firk iRuh] vkSj fookfgr iq=k (^^d** vkSj ^^u**) rFkk vfookfgr iq=k (^^[k**
vkSj ^^i**) vkSj vfookfgr iqf=k;ka (^^x** vkSj ^^e**) rFkk vfookfgr ikS=k (^^V** vkSj ^^j**) rFkk ikSf=k;k¡
(^^r** vkSj ^^y**)A fp=k 8(i) esa pkj izdkj ds Lotu@ukrsnkj bl izdkj lfEefyr gksaxs%

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