Page 76 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV 4-3 Hkkjr esa la;qDr ifjokj (Joint Family in Inida)

la;qDr ifjokj 'kCn esa ^la;qDrrk* dh /kj.kk dh fofHkUu fo}kuksa us fofo/ :i ls foospuk dh gSA dqN fo}kuksa
(tSls bjkorh dosZ) us la;qDrrk ds fy, lg&fuokl (co-residentiality) dks vko';d ekuk gS rks dqN fo}ku
(tSls] ch-,l-dksgu] ,l-lh-nqcs] gSjksYM xwYM] ikfyu dksys.Mk o vkj-ds-eqdthZ) lg fuokl vkSj lg Hkkstu
nksuksa dks la;qDrrk ds vko';d rRo ekurs gSaA dqN vU; (tSls ,iQ-th-csyh] Vh-,u-enku) la;qDr lEifÙk&LokfeRo
dks vf/kd egRo nsrs gSa] vkSj dqN (tSls vkbZ-ih-nslkbZ) ukrsnkjksa ds izfr nkf;R;ksa dks iwjk djus dks egRo
nsrs gSa] Hkys gh muds fuokl vyx&vyx gksa rFkk lEifÙk esa lgLokfeRo u gksA ^nkf;Ro dks iwjk djus* dk
vFkZ gS vius dks ifjokj dk lnL; ekuuk] foÙkh; vkSj vU; izdkj dh lgk;rk nsuk rFkk la;qDr ifjokj ds
fu;eksa dks ekuukA
bjkorh dosZ ds vuqlkj izphu Hkkjr (osn vkSj jkek;.k&egkHkkjr ;qx) esa ifjokj fuokl] lEifÙk] vkSk izdk;kZs
ds vk/kj ij la;qDr FkkA mUgksaus ,sls ifjokj dks ^ijEijkxr* ;k ^la;qDr* ifjokj dgk gSA dkifM+;k dk ekuuk
gS fd gekjk vkfn ifjokj (early family) dsoy la;qDr ;k fir`lÙkkRed gh ughaa Fkk] blds lkFk&lkFk gekjs
ifjokj O;fDr (individual) Hkh gksrs FksA
O;fDrokfnrk (individual) dh izo`fÙk ds ckotwn ifjokj dk la;qDr rFkk lxks=kd (agnatic) Lo:i cuk gqvk
gSA dosZ us ijEijkxr (la;qDr) ifjokj dh ikap fo'ks"krk,a crkbZ gSa% lg fuokl] lg jlksbZ] lg lEifÙk] lg
iwtk] rFkk dksbZ ukrsnkjh lEcU/A bl izdkj dosZ dk la;qDrrk dk vk/kj gS% vkdkj] fuokl] lEifÙk vkSj
vkenuhA bl vk/kj ij mUgksaus la;qDr ifjokj dh ifjHkk"kk bl izdkj dh gS (1953%10)% ^^,d ,sls O;fDr;ksa
dk lewg tks (O;fDr) vkerkSj ij ,d gh Nr ds uhps jgrs gSa] ,d gh pwYgs ij idk Hkkstu djrs gSa] lk>h
lEifÙk j[krs gSa] ifjokj dh lgiwtk esa Hkkx ysrs gSa rFkk ,d nwljs ls ,d fo'ks"k izdkj ds ukrsnkjh lEcUèkksa
ls tqM+s gksrs gSa**A fgUnw mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e] 1956 ds vuqlkj ^lg lEifÙk* rFkk ^la;qDr lEifÙk* 'kCnksa
dk vFkZ gS fd lHkh thfor L=kh o iq#"k lnL; rhu ihf<+;ksa rd iSr`d lEifÙk ds fgLlsnkj u gh fdlh dks
nh tk ldrh gSA bl izdkj] ,d O;fDr dks viuh iRuh] nks iq=kksa] nks iqf=k;ksa] nks ikS=kksa rFkk nks ikSf=k;ksa ds lkFk
viuh lEifÙk dks viuh iRuh o pkj cPpksa esa cjkcj ck¡Vuk gksxkA ikS=k larfr vius ekrk&firk dh lEifÙk
esa ls gh fgLlk ysasxsA iq=k o iq=kh izR;sd dh iwoZ e`R;q ij muds mÙkjkf/dkjh ,d ,d Hkkx ysaxsA
vkbZ-ih-nslkbZ ekurs gSa fd lg&fuokl rFk lg&jlksbZ dks la;qDr ifjokj dh ifjlhek ds fy, vko';d le>uk
Bhd ugha gS D;ksafd ,slk djus ls la;qDr ifjokj dks lkekftd lEcU/ksa dk leqPp; ,oa izdk;kZRed bdkbZ
ugha ekuk tk;sxkA mudk dguk gS fd ,d ?kj ds lnL;ksa ds chp ds vkilh lEcU/ksa rFkk vU; ?kjksa ds lnL;ksa
ds lkFk lEcU/ksa ij gh ifjokj ds izdkj dk fu/kZj.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,dkdh ifjokj dks la;qDr ifjokj
ls vyx ns[kus ds fy, Hkwfedk lEcU/kksa (role relations) ds vUrj dks ,oa fofHkUu fj'rsnkjksa ds chp O;ogkj
ds ekunaMh; izfreku (normative pattern) dks le>uk iM+sxkA mudh ekU;rk gS fd tc nks ,dkdh ifjokj
ukrsnkjh lEcU/ksa ds gksus ij Hkh vyx&vyx jgrs gksa] ysfdu ,d gh O;fDr ds vf/dkj {ks=k esa dk;Z djrs
gksa rks og ifjokj la;qDr ifjokj gksxkA mUgksaus bl ifjokj dks ^izdk;kZRed la;qDr ifjokj* (functional joint
family) dgk gSA vkoklh; (residential) la;qDr ifjokj esa tc rd rhu ;k vf/d ihf<;ka ,d lkFk u jg
jgha gks rc rd ;g ijEijkRed la;qDr ifjokj ugha gks ldrkA ml ds vuqlkj nks ihf<+;ksa dk ifjokj ^lhekUr
la;qDr ifjokj* (marginal joint family) dgyk,xkA bl izdkj nslkbZ us la;qDr ifjokj ds rhu vk/kj ekus gSa%
ih<+h dh xgjkbZ] vf/kdkj ,oa nkf;Ro] rFkk lEifÙkA
jkeÑ".k eq[kthZ us ikap izdkj ds lEcU/ crkrs gq,] oSokfgd (conjugal), ekrk&firk iq=k&iq=kh (parental-
filial), HkkbZ&HkkbZ o HkkbZ&cgu (inter-sibling), lejs[kh; (lineal), rFkk fookgewyd (affinal) lEcU/&dgk gS
fd la;qDr ifjokj og gS ftlds lnL;ksa esa mijksDr igys rhu lEcU/ksa esa ls ,d ;k vf/d vkSj ;k lejs[kh;
;k fookgewyd ;k nksuksa lEcU/ ik;s tkrs gSaA

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