Page 138 - DSOC202_SOCIAL_STRATIFICATION_ENGLISH

Unit 7: Class

manual occupation, and those who give up or are forced to abandon their business and take up Notes
employment. Although the self employed petty bourgeoisie constitute a distinct class, separate
from employed workers by virtue of their different relations to the means of production, these
data show that there is considerable mobility across the divide, and that the inflow into self
employment comes largely from the lower manual class, the one with the least labour market
resources. Just under half of the recruitment to Class 2, the self employed without employees,
is from Class 8, lower manual.
Women’s class mobility Table 7.4 shows the class locations of the women in the 1981 LFS sample
working full-time at the time of the survey according to the ‘female’ version of the classification.
Because only a very small proportion of women have craft qualifications, there are no occupations
in the ‘craft’ class (Class 6) of this version of the schema. Overall, 3.1 per cent of the women
changed class during the one year period, compared with 3.3 per cent using the RG classification.
The row percentages for the cells on the diagonal indicate that the highest rate of inter-class
movement is from Class 7, higher manual, although the number of women in this class is so
small that it accounts for virtually none of the total recorded mobility. The residuals show that
there are relatively high rates of mobility between Classes 7 and 8, and between Classes 3 ad
5, as there were in the male schema, but there are also significant flows between Class 2, self-
employed, and Class 3, professional and managerial, and between Class 4, technical, and Class
5, clerical.

Table 7.4 : KOS Class by KOS Class one year ago, for women working full time
Current KOS Class (1981)
KOS Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
one year ago
1 Employers with 256 1 3 1 3 0 0 3
employees
(4.1) 0.7 0.4 –0.3 –0.3 0.0 –0.8 0.3
2 Self-employed 0 453 8 1 5 0 1 7
–1.0 (4.6) 1.4 –1.0 –0.8 0.0 –0.3 0.9
3 Prof, managerial 1 13 3642 7 44 0 2 12
–1.5 4.0 (2.1) –1.4 2.2 0.0 –1.6 –2.0
4 Technical 0 3 18 1643 27 0 3 7
–1.6 0.0 1.1 (3.4) 1.4 0.0 –0.4 –1.9
5 Clerical 9 10 94 60 9336 0 4 85
–1.6 –1.7 1.5 2.3 (2.7) 0.0 –3.6 0.4
6 Craft 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 Higher manual 0 1 8 5 7 0 529 20
–1.3 –0.7 –0.4 0.0 –1.8 0.0 (7.2) 3.5
8 Lower manual 25 11 37 23 76 0 40 5188
4.4 –0.3 –2.6 –1.5 –1.0 0.0 6.1 (3.9)

Total 291 492 3810 1740 9498 0 579 5322
(1.3) (2.3) (17.5) (8.0) (43.7) (0.0) (2.7) (24.5)
The residuals highlight the extent of recruitment into Class 1, employers, from the lower
manual class. The flow of those leaving the lower manual class to become employers is very
much more marked than for the men and is largely the outcome of women setting up

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