Page 125 - DSOC202_SOCIAL_STRATIFICATION_HINDI

lkekftd Lrjhdj.k

uksV vifo=k dh /kj.kk vkSj /eZfof/ gS tcfd oxZ dk vk/kj vk£Fkd gSA tkfr] /eZ }kjk vuqeksfnr lajpuk

gS tcfd oxZ fcuk fdlh /k£ed vFkok dkuwuh vuqeksnu osQ ,d Bksl ;FkkFkZijd lajpuk gSA oxks± esa
lkekftd izfLFkfr dk fu/kZj.k /u] lEifÙk] futh miyC/ vkSj O;fDrxr {kerk ls gksrk gSA tkfr dk
ekSfyd vk/kj vU;ksU;kJ;rk] ikjLifjd lg;ksx vkSj lkewfgdrk gS tcfd oxZ izfrLi¼kZ rFkk
oS;fDrdrk ij vk/kfjr gSA

lekt'kkL=k esa oxZ O;oLFkk dks v£tr izfLFkfr osQ lkFk tksM+k tkrk gSA oxZ vkt dh iw¡thoknh vkS|ksfxd O;oLFkk
osQ izeq[k lewg gSaA Hkkjr esa bldh le> ubZ gS vkSj ;g le>k tkrk gS fd mRiknu dh izfØ;k esa ,d tSlh
fØ;k djus okys] /u rFkk lEifr dh n`f"V ls ,d tSls Lrj okys rFkk leku thou 'kSyh osQ yksx ,d
oxZ ls lEc¼ ekus tkrs gSaA oxZ osQ yksxksa osQ leku vk£Fkd fgr vkSj muesa oxZ psruk ik;h tkrh gSA

oqQN lekt'kkfL=k;ksa dk ekuuk gS fd lkekftd oxks± dh /kj.kk vkSj budh lajpuk dh dlkSfV;ksa dk Bksl]
oLrqijd vkSj oSKkfud vk/kj ugha gSA lekt'kkfL=k;ksa us ifjokj] /u&lEifÙk] thou 'kSyh] izfr"Bk] uxj osQ
izfrf"Br bykdksa esa fuokl] edkuksa dh cukoV] cPpksa osQ fo|ky;] lfefr;ksa rFkk Dycksa dh lnL;rk osQ vkèkkj
ij oxks± dh fo'ks"krkvksa ij fopkj fd;k gSA

dbZ ckj ;g dgk tkrk gS fd Hkkjr dh tkfr;k¡ oxZ cu jgh gSaA oqQN lekt'kkfL=k;ksa us ;g Hkh dgk gS fd tkfr
,d can oxZ gS vkSj oxZ ,d [kqyh tkfr gSA tkfr dks bl rjg ns[kus dk n`f"Vdks.k cgqr lhfer gSA
okLrfodrk ;g gS fd izR;sd tkfr esa oxZ gksrs gSa vkSj bu oxks± dk lEcU/ lkekU; oxks± ls gksrk gSA mnkgj.k
osQ fy, czkã.k ,d tkfr gSA ysfdu bl tkfr esa xjhc czkã.k Hkh gSa] vkSj vehj HkhA bl rjg ls ns[ksa rks tkfr
,d oa'kkuqxr lewg gksdj Hkh oxks± esa foHkkftr gSA b/j ;wjksih; vkSj vesfjdk osQ ns'kksa esa oxZ vk£Fkd gksdj
bFkfud (Ethnic) Hkh gksrs gSaA bZlkbZ /ekZoyEcu ,d bFkfulhVh (Ethnicity) gSA bl /ekZoyEcu osQ yksx xjhc
Hkh gks ldrs gSa vkSj vehj HkhA gekjs ;gk¡ tSls tkfr O;oLFkk gS oSls bu ns'kksa esa bFkfulhVh ;kuh /eZ] Hkk"kk vkSj
jk"Vªh;rk gksrs gSaA gekjs ;gk¡ tSls tkfr dh bFkfulhVh esa oxZ gksrs gSa oSls gh ogk¡ ,d bFkfulhVh esa dbZ oxZ gksrs gSaA

tc ge oxZ dh O;k[;k [kqykls ls djrs gSa rc eSDl oscj dks viuk vk/kj cukrs gSaA mudk dguk gS fd oxZ
dk fu/kZj.k 'kfDr (Power) osQ vk/kj ij fd;k tkrk gSA oscj rks dgrs gSa fd oxZ oLrqr% ,d izfr"Bk lewg
(Status Group) gS ftlosQ ikl 'kfDr gksrh gSA ,aFkksuh fxMsUl us oxZ dh O;k[;k bl Hkk¡fr dh gSμ

oxZ ,d o`gr~ Lrj ij yksxksa dk lewg gS ftudh vk£Fkd lalk/uksa esa leku Hkkxhnkjh gksrh gSA os yksx n`<+rk ls
fo'ks"k izdkj dh thou i¼fr dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA oxZ foHksnhdj.k osQ nks vk/kj gSaμ(1) /u dk LokfeRo
vkSj (2) blls tqM+k gqvk O;olk;A
oscj }kjk nh x;h oxZ dh ifjHkk"kk ,d vf/Ñr ifjHkk"kk le>h tkrh gSA os oxZ dks ck”kkj osQ lanHkZ esa ns[krs gSaμ
oxZ O;fDr;ksa dk ,d lewg gSA blosQ lnL; ck”kkj vFkZ O;oLFkk esa vf/d ls vf/d ykHk ysus osQ fy,
izfr;kssfxrk djrs gSaA ck”kkj og gS] tgk¡ oLrqvksa dk fofue; gksrk gSA fdlh Hkh O;fDr dh O;kolkf;d ;ksX;rk
dk izfriQy ck”kkj Hkko ls gh feyrk gSA
ekDlZokfn;ksa us oxZ dks mRiknu osQ lk/uksa ij LokfeRo dks ysdj ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA ekDlZ dgrs gSaμ
tc yk[kksa ifjokj ,slh vk£Fkd n'kk esa thou;kiu djrs gSa rks mUgsa mudh thou i¼fr] muosQ gsrqvksa vkSj mudh
laLÑfr ls vU; oxks± ls foeq[k dj nsrh gS vkSj mUgsa 'k=kqrkiw.kZ fojks/h [ksesa esa yk nsrh gS] oxZ dgykrh gSA
oxZ dh vo/kj.kk Hkkjrh; ijEijk esa ubZ gS vkSj blh dkj.k bldk tks 'kkL=kh; vFkZ fons'kksa esa fy;k tkrk gS]
mldk gesa [kqyklk djuk pkfg;sA eq[; ckr ;g gS fd oxZ [kqys gksrs gSaA vkt dk etnwjh djus okyk O;fDr
dy ,dk,d m|eh gksdj mPp oxZ esa igq¡p ldrk gSA oxZ osQ njokts [kqys gksrs gSaA dksbZ Hkh muesa izos'k dj
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh muls ckgj fudy ldrk gSA xk¡oksa esa tc gfjr ØkfUr vk;h rks ns[krs gh ns[krs dbZ
fdlkuksa dk mRiknu c<+ x;kA mudh iQlysa uxn iQlysa gks x;ha vkSj os cM+s fdlku cu x;sA bldk rkRi;Z ;g

120 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY