Page 128 - DSOC202_SOCIAL_STRATIFICATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—7% oxZ

oqQN ,sls yksxksa dks ns fn;k tks tehankj cu x;sA tehankjksa dk ;g dÙkZO; Fkk fd os vaxzsth ljdkj dks uksV
fuf'pr yxku pqdk nsA u;s izdkj osQ Hkw&Lokeh lHkh O;kogkfjd mn~ns';ksa osQ fy, Hkw𝔦ksa osQ leku
FksA bl O;oLFkk osQ iQyLo:i] ,d gh fnu esa viuh gh Hkwfe osQ fdlku [kkrsnkj cu x;sA tehankjh
O;oLFkk dk ;g lw=kikr 1793 bZ- esa ykMZ dkuZokfyl us caxky] fcgkj] mM+hlk rFkk enzkl osQ oqQN ftyksa
esa dh FkhA ckn esa bldk foLrkj cEcbZ] iatkc] ¯l/q vkfn osQ Hkkxksa esa Hkh ykxw dj fn;k x;kA bl
O;oLFkk osQ ifj.kkeLo:i Hkkjr esa igyh ckj tehankjksa dk ,d oxZ iSnk fd;k tks jS;r dk
'kks"k.k djrk FkkA
ns'kh fj;klrksa esa tehankjh O;oLFkk ugha FkhA ;gka tkxhnkjh O;oLFkk FkhA BkoqQj ;k lkeUr dfri; xk¡oksa
dks tkxhjnkjh dks ns nsrk FkkA ;s tkxhjnkj fdlkuksa ls yxku ysrs FksA bl rjg fj;klrksa esa tks u;k oxZ
iSnk gqvk og tkxhjnkjh dk FkkA tehankj vkSj tkxhjnkj mPp oxZ osQ Fks vkSj jS;r vFkkZr~ fdlku fuEu
oxZ osQA ;gk¡ oxZ O;oLFkk us ,d LFkkuh; fo'ks"krk xzg.k dj yhA tgk¡ ;wjksi esa oxZ vkneh dh v£tr
;ksX;rk ij Fkk ogk¡ tehankj vkSj tkxhjnkj iznÙk oxZ osQ gks x;s FksA bl vUrj osQ gksrs gq, Hkh ;g fuf'pr
gS fd xk¡oksa esa igyh ckj tehankjksa vkSj tkxhjnkjksa dk ,d u;k oxZ iSnk gqvkA bl oxZ dks nksgjs :i
esa bl rjg j[k ldrs gSaμ,d vksj Hkw&ifr Fkk vksj nwljh vkSj [kkrsnkjA

Hkwfe dk LokfeRo xk¡o ls gVdj ljdkj dk gks x;k vkSj ljdkj us bl LokfeRo
dks tehankjksa dks lkSai fn;kA bl cankscLr osQ ckn Hkwfe osQ ;s tehankj oa'kkuqxr Lokeh
gks x;sA

2- LorU=k Hkkjr esa u;s oxZ % Ñ"kd O;olk;h] [ksrhgj etnwj vkSj nLrdkj (New Classes
in Independent India : Peasants Businessmen, Cultivator and Artisans)
LorU=krk izkfIr osQ ckn xzkeh.k oxZ O;oLFkk esa ØkfUrdkjh ifjorZu vk;sA ØkfUrdkjh blfy;s fd dkaxszl
tc vk”kknh dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgh Fkh rc blus vius ok£"kd lEesyuksa esa cjkcj ;g nksgjk;k Fkk fd tc
Hkkjr LorU=k gks tk;sxk rc Hkwfe lq/kj osQ {ks=k esa cgqr cM+k cnyko fd;k tk;sxkA Hkkjr dk fdlku
tehankjksa vkSj tkxhjnkjksa osQ 'kks"k.k ls rckg gks x;k FkkA fgUnh vkSj izknsf'kd lkfgR;ksa ;Fkk caxyk] ejkBh
vkSj rsyxq esa cjkcj ;g dgk tkrk Fkk fd Hkwfe cankscLr esa vke fdlku ijs'kku FkkA izsepUn us rks fgUnh
esa oqQN ,sls miU;kl fy[ksa gSaμjaxHkwfe vkSj xksnku tks cM+h ckjhdh osQ lkFk tehankjh O;oLFkk osQ
fouk'kdkjh ifj.kkeksa dk mYys[k djrs gSaA blh dkj.k LorU=krk izkfIr osQ ckn ;g iwjk iz;Ru fd;k x;k
fd Hkwfe lq/kj vkUnksyu dks ubZ xfr nh tk;sA bl xfr us tgk¡ ,d vkSj fcpksfy;ksa vFkkZr~ eè;LFkksa
dks gVk fn;k ogha nwljh vkSj u;s oxks± dks tUe fn;kA gekjk roZQ ;g gS fd xk¡oksa esa tgk¡ fiNys
oxZ lekIr gks x;s ogk¡ u;s oxks± dk mn; gqvkA
Hkwfe lq/kjksa osQ izFke pj.k dk mn~ns'; tehankjksa tSls eè;LFkksa dks gVkuk FkkA tehankjh izFkk 1950 esa
lekIr dj nh x;h rFkk loZizFke mÙkj izns'k esa Hkwfe lq/kj ykxw fd;s x;sA bldk mn~ns'; fdlkuksa
osQ lkFk jkT; dk lh/k lEcU/ LFkkfir djuk FkkA vc fdlku viuk Hkwfe dj tehankj dks u
nsdj lh/k ljdkjh [ktkus esa tek djkrk FkkA vr% okLrfod fdlku [kkrsnkj dks O;kolkf;d
vf/dkj ;k Hkwfe LokfeRo dk vfèkdkj nsuk bl lq/kj dk mn~ns'; FkkA
eè;LFkksa osQ lekIr gksus ij u;s oxks± dk xBu gqvkA gqvk ;g fd Hkwfe lq/kjksa ls igys tks [kkrsnkj
”kehuksa ij [ksrh dj jgs Fks vkSj ftudks ”kehuksa ls csn[ky dj fn;k x;k Fkk muesa ls vf/dka'k Hkwfeghu]

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