Page 217 - DSOC202_SOCIAL_STRATIFICATION_HINDI

lkekftd Lrjhdj.k

uksV izkIr dh gS) dks Ñf"k djus osQ vf/dkj ,oa HkwLokeh cuus osQ vf/dkj fn, x, gSaA bu vf/dkjksa ls
tkfrxr xfr'khyrk esa fuf'pr :i ls vlhe o`f¼ gqbZ gSA

2- lekt lq/kj (Social Reforms)μ
(i) bZlkbZ fe'kufj;ksa us fuEure nfyr tkfr osQ yksxksa esa /eZ&ifjorZu djk;kA bl izdkj tks vNwr ekus
tkrs Fks] muosQ thou ls xjhch ,oa 'kks"k.k dks nwj fd;k vkSj mUgsa f'k{kk iznku dhA blls mudk
lkekftd Lrj c<+k vkSj mUgksaus izfr"Bk izkIr dhA
(ii) oqQN f'kf{kr mnkjoknh lq/kjd tSls fd jktkjke eksgu jk;] osQ'ko&pUnz lsu] Lokeh foosdkuan
Lokeh n;kuan vkfn us lekt ea O;kid va/fo'oklksa] cqjkb;ksa osQ mUewyu o oafpr vkSj fnykrksa rFkk
fuEu tkfr osQ yksxksa esa vR;kpkjksa dks de djus rFkk muosQ Lrj dks lq/kjus osQ fy, roZQlaxr cukus
vkSj ¯gnw èkeZ dks vk/qfud cukus osQ iz;kl fd,A
(iii) egkRek xka/h rFkk MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj osQ iz;klksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i NqvkNwr dks tM+ ls feVkus
osQ fy, NqvkNwr mUewyu ,oa vR;kpkjksa ls cpkus osQ fy, laj{k.kkRed vf/fu;eksa dks cuk;k x;kA
blls fuEu oxks± osQ yksxksa esa O;kid :i ls mPp Lrjh; lkekftd xfr'khyrk mRiUu dhA
/eZ fujis{khdj.k] f'k{kk] vkS|ksxhdj.k] 'kgjhdj.k rFkk lkekftd xfr'khyrk dks fuEu izdkj Li"V fd;k tk
ldrk gSμ
/eZ&fuis{khdj.k (Secularism)μ/eZ&fuis{khdj.k esa /kfeZd osQ vfrfjDr lkekftd] vkfFkZd jktuSfrd]
dkuwu vkSj uSfrdrk osQ fofHkUu i{kksa esa ijLij erHksn c<+us ls ,d&nwljs osQ laca/ i`Fko~Q gksus dk Hkko Hkh
varfuZfgr gSA iqjkus /kfeZd <k¡ps esa Lrj] in] O;olk; vFkok is'kk vkSj lkekU; thou&'kSyh dk fu/kZj.k 'kq¼rk
,oa v'kq¼rk osQ fl¼karksa osQ vk/kj ij fd;k tkrk FkkA roZQlaxr fopkjksa vkSj f'k{kk osQ izHkko osQ dkj.k vkt
'kq¼rk vkSj v'kq¼rk tSls fopkjksa dks vLohdkj dj fn;k x;k gSA bl fopkj dks R;kxus ls yksx ,d&nwljs osQ
fudV vk, gSaA
f'k{kk (Education)μiqjkuh lkekftd O;oLFkk esa f'k{kk ij czkã.kksa vkSj ^f}tksa* dk ,dkf/dkj FkkA fczfV'k
'kkludky esa vaxzstksa us 'kSf{kd laLFkkvksa dks lcosQ fy, [kksy fn;k Fkk vkSj mUgksaus /eZfujis{krk vkSj ;qfDrlaxrrk
osQ vk/kj ij f'k{kk nsuk vkjaHk fd;kA ftu yksxksa us vk/qfud f'k{kk esa izf'k{k.k izkIr fd;k Fkk] os lsuk vkSj
ukSdj'kkgh esa fu;qfDr izkIr dj ldrs FksA ifj.kker% mPp Lrj ij xfr'khyrk esa rsth vkbZA bl f'k{kk osQ dkj.k
yksxksa osQ fopkjksa esa ifjorZu vk;k vkSj U;k;] Lora=krk rFkk lekurk osQ fl¼kar ykxw gq,A mPp oqQyhu f'kf{kr
yksxksa us tkfr osQ vk/kj ij vR;kpkj vkSj 'kks"k.k dks lekIr djus osQ fy, viuh vkokt cqyUn dhA f'k{kk us
xfr'khyrk dh izxfr vkSj :i dks brus xgu :i ls izHkkfor fd;k fd ,d u, oxZ dk mn; gqvkA Lora=krk
osQ ckn] vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr rFkk vU; fiNM+s oxks± osQ mRFkku osQ fy, 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa esa buosQ
fy, LFkku vkjf{kr fd, x,A
vkS|ksxhdj.k rFkk lkekftd xfr'khyrk (Industiralization and Social Mobility)μvkS|ksxhdj.k vk/qfud
;qx dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ lkekftd&vkfFkZd izfØ;k gSA e'khuksa }kjk cM+s iSekus ij mRiknu dk;ks± dk lEiknu rFkk
m|ksx&/U/ksa osQ ,d LFkku esa fodkl dh izfØ;k dks vkS|ksxhdj.k dgrs gSaA
MkW- fockfl osQ 'kCnksa eas] ¶vkS|ksxhdj.k dk rkRi;Z cM+s iSekus osQ uohu m|ksxksa dk izkjEHk vkSj NksVs m|ksxksa dks
cM+s&iSekus osQ m|ksxksa esa cnyus ls gSA¸
oLrqr% vkS|ksxhdj.k m|ksxksa osQ cM+s iSekus esa fodkl dh ,d izfØ;k gS] ftlosQ vUrxZr dks;yk] rsy] izkÑfrd
xSl vkSj vU; [kfut inkFkks± dh vf/dkf/d izkfIr rFkk mUgsa dke esa yxkus ij cy fn;k tkrk gSA blosQ lkFk
gh dikl] frygu] iVlu vkfn vU; Ñf"k }kjk mRiUu gksus okyh oLrqvksa dks mRiknu osQ dPps eky osQ :i
esa O;oâr fd;k tkrk gS] rkfd bu lHkh ls lEcfU/r m|ksx&/U/ksa dk fodkl cM+s iSekus ij gks losQA

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