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O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar
uksV yac [khaps x, gSaA ¯cnq A ;g izdV djrk gS fd 4 #i, osQ vk; Lrj ij miHkksDrk 3 lsc [kjhnrk gSA 6
#i, osQ vk; Lrj ij og ¯cnq B ij 4 lsc [kjhnrk gS vkSj 40 #i, osQ vk; Lrj ij og ¯cnq C ij 5
lsc [kjhnrk gSA A, B, C ¯cnqvksa dks feyk nsus ls ge EC oØ izkIr djrs gSa] ;g oØ gh ,safty oØ gS]
tks ekSfnzd vk; osQ fofHkUu Lrjksa ij [kjhnh tkus okyh lscksa dh larqyu ek=kkvksa dks izdV dj jgh gSA
4-35 ek¡x fl¼kar dh vkykspuk (Criticism of Demand Theory)
ek¡x fl¼kar ij vokLrfod (Unrealistic) gksus dk vkjksi yxk;k tkrk gS vkSj oqQN vFkZ'kkL=kh ek¡x osQ
fu;e osQ oqQN vioknksa dh ckr Hkh djrs gSaA ;g va'k (Section) igys ek¡x osQ fu;e osQ vkjksfir vioknksa
dh O;k[;k djrk gS vkSj ckn esa mu voyksduksa@isz{k.kksa (Observation) dh foLrkjiwoZd ppkZ djrk gS tks
ek¡x fl¼kar dks vokLrfod crykrs gSaA
VkLd vk; miHkksx oØ osQ ckjs esa vius fopkj O;Dr djsaA
4-36 ek¡x osQ fu;e ls lacaf/r vkjksfir viokn
(Alleged Exceptions to the Law of Demand)
vfèkdka'k ek¡x oosazQ ½.kkRed <ky okyh gSa] ftldk vfHkizk; gS fd fdlh oLrq dh dher rFkk mldh ek¡xh
xbZ ek=kk esa foijhr lacaèk ik;k tkrk gSA ijarq vFkZ'kkL=kh dbZ ckj fu;e osQ vioknksa dh ckr Hkh djrs gSaA
bldk vFkZ gS fd ,slh fLFkfr;k¡ gSa ftuesa dher esa ifjorZu osQ iQyLo:i ek¡x èkukRed vuqfØ;k Hkh djrh
gSA blosQ iQyLo:i ek¡x oØ èkukRed <ky okyh (Positively Sloped) gks tkrh gS vFkok bldk <yku
mQij dh vksj gks tkrk gS tks dher ek¡xh xbZ ek=kk osQ chp èkukRed lacaèk dks n'kkZrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa oqQN
mYys[kuh; voyksdu@izs{k.k (Observations) fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
1- izfr"Bklwpd oLrq,¡ ;k oscyu oLrq,¡ (Articles of Distinction or Veblen Goods)μoscyu
oLrq,¡ (ftudk uke vesfjdu vFkZ'kkL=kh Vh- oscyu ls tqM+k gS) izfr"Bklwpd ;k foykflrk dh oLrq,¡
tSls ghjs] tokgjkr] tsoj] cM+s dykdkjksa dh ekSfyd dykÑfr;k¡] dherh dkyhu vkfn gSaA oscyu osQ
vuqlkj] tks oLrq,¡ izfr"Bklwpd gksrh gSa mudh ek¡x rHkh vfèkd gksrh gS tc mudh dher vfèkd
gksrh gSA ghjs vkSj tokgjkr lekt esa izfr"Bklwpd oLrq,¡ ekuh tkrh gSaA budh ek¡x dher vfèkd gksus
ij Hkh vfèkd gksrh gSA ;fn budh dher de gks tkrh gS rks ;s izfr"Bklwpd oLrq,¡ ughaa jgrha vkSj
budh ek¡x de gks tkrh gSA okVlu osQ 'kCnksa esa] ^^;fn miHkksDrk ,d oLrq dh okaNuh;rk osQoy
mldh dher }kjk gh ekirs gSa vkSj miHkksDrkvksa dks vU; oqQN Hkh izHkkfor ughaa djrk] rc
os de dher ij oLrq dh de ek=kk vkSj dher ij vfèkd ek=kk [kjhnrs gSaA** (If the
consumers measure the desirability of a commodity entirley by its price, and if
nothing influences consumers, then they will buy less of the commodity at a low
price and more at a high price. —Watson)
ijarq bl vkykspukRed voyksdu@isz{k.k dh leh{kk lkoèkkuhiw.kZ dh tkuh pkfg,A bldk dkj.k ;g
gS fd le; osQ fdlh Hkh ¯cnq ij cktkj esa oqQN lhekar oszQrk lnk gkssaxs tks osQoy ^xqekuh&oLrq,¡*
(Snob-goods)] tSls&ghjs] rc [kjhnsaxs ;k ek¡xsaxs tc mu oLrqvksa dh dher esa deh vkrh gS] tcfd
orZeku oszQrk dher ?kVus ij gh ghjksa dh ek¡x djrs gSa] ,slh fLFkfr esa] ;fn lhekar oszQrkvksa dh la[;k
i;kZIr :i ls vfèkd gS] rc ghjksa osQ fy, laiw.kZ cktkj ek¡x c<+ ldrh gS vkSj muosQ }kjk dh xbZ
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