Page 134 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV vfèkd yksp dks O;Dr djrk gSA vr% ek¡x dh dher yksp osQ ewY; ls igys ?kVkus (–) osQ fpÉ dk
lkekU;r;k iz;ksx ugha fd;k tkrkA
ek¡x dh ek=kk esa izfr'kr ifjorZu (Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded)
E = (–) —————————————————————————————————
d
dher esa izfr'kr ifjorZu (Percentage Change in Price)

eku yks dher esa 10 izfr'kr deh gksus osQ iQyLo:i ek¡x esa 20 izfr'kr dk foLrkj gksrk gSA rc ek¡x dh
yksp gksxhμ

20%
E = (–) = 2
d () 10%−

bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd oLrq dh dher esa gksus okys 1 izfr'kr ifjorZu osQ dkj.k ek¡x dh ek=kk esa 2 izfr'kr
ifjorZu gksrk gSA

ek'kZy osQ 'kCnksa esa] ^^ek¡x dh yksp dh ifjHkk"kk bl izdkj nh tk ldrh gSS fd ;g ek¡x dh ek=kk
esa izfr'kr ifjorZu dks dher osQ izfr'kr ifjorZu ls Hkkx nsus ij izkIr gksrh gSA** (Elasticity
of demand may be defined as the percentage change in the quantity demanded
divided by the percentage change in the price. —Marshall)
cks¯YMx osQ vuqlkj] ^^ek¡x dh dher yksp dher eas gksus okys ifjorZu osQ iQyLo:i ek¡x esa
gksus okys ifjorZu dh izfrfØ;k dks ekirh gSA** (Price elasticity of demand measures the
responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good to the change in its price.
—Boulding)

VkLd ek¡x dh yksp osQ ckjs esa vius fopkj O;Dr dhft,A

6-10 ek¡x dh dher yksp dh nks vafre lhek,¡
(Two Extreme Situations of Price Elasticity of Demand)

ek¡x dh dher yksp dh nks vafre lhek,¡ 'kwU; rFkk vuUr (Two Extreme Situations of Price
Elasticity of Demand Zero and Infinity)μek¡x dh ewY; lkis{krk dh nks vafre lhek,¡ (1) 'kwU;
(Zero) rFkk (2) vuar (Infinity)A
1- ek¡x dh 'kwU; dher yksp (Zero Price Elasticity of Demand) ek¡x dh yksp 'kwU; rc gksrh
gS tc dher esa dksbZ Hkh ifjorZu gksus ij oLrq dh ek¡xh xbZ ek=kk esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gksrkA bldk
vfHkizk; ;g gS fd oLrq dh dher esa pkgs fdruk Hkh ifjorZu D;ksa u gks mldh ek¡xh xbZ ek=kk essa
dksbZ foLrkj ;k laoqQpu ughaa gksrkA bl fLFkfr dks iw.kZr;k csykspnkj ek¡x (Perfectly Inelastic
Demand) dgk tkrk gSA

Zero Price Elasticity of Demand (E = 0)

fp=k 6-13 esa ,d [kM+h gqbZ ljy js[kk (Vertical Straight Line) izdV dh xbZ gSA mlls Li"V gksrk gS
fd dher esa fdruk Hkh ifjorZu D;ksa u gks oLrq dh ek¡x OD osQ cjkcj fLFkj jgsxhA bl izdkj osQ ek¡x oØ

128 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY