Page 159 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 7 % ek¡x fl¼kar esa uwru fodkl

7-1 ek¡x fl¼kar dh O;kogkfjd èkkj.kk uksV
(The Pragmatic Approach to Demand Theory)

miHkksDrk O;ogkj osQ ijaijkxr vkSj vkèkqfud fl¼kar vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dks muosQ ekWMyksa osQ fy, lS¼kafrd vkèkkj
iznku djrs gSa] ijarq mudk okLrfod txr dh tfVy leL;kvksa osQ fy, izR;{k O;kogkfjd iz;ksx ugha gSA
fiQj Hkh] os izR;{k rkSj ls ekfoZQV vk¡dM+ksa ij vkèkkfjr ek¡x iQyuksa osQ lkaf[;dh; vuqeku dk izkjafHkd fcanq
iznku djrs gSaA blfy,] gky gh esa cgqr ls vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us LFkSfrd vkSj xR;kRed nksuksa n`f"Vdks.k ls ek¡x
iQyuksa dk vè;;u fd;k gSA ek¡x osQ ewy fu;e dks Lohdkj djrs gq,] mUgksaus cgqpj ek¡x iQyu
(multivariate demand fuctions) izfrikfnr fd, gSa] ftuesa ,d oLrq dh ek¡x osQoy oLrq dh dher
dk iQyu u gksdj cgqr ls pjksa dk iQyu gSA bu pjksa esa vU; oLrqvksa dh dhersa] miHkksDrkvksa dh vk;]
miHkksDrkvksa dh #fp;k¡] vkfn lfEefyr gSaA ,sls ek¡x iQyuksa us eq[;r;k miHkksDrkvksa dh ekfoZQV ek¡x ij
osaQfnzr fd;k gS] u fd O;fDrxr miHkksDrk dh ek¡x ijA fiQj oqQN ek¡x iQyu oLrqvksa osQ fofHkUu xzqiksa ij
fopkj djrs gSa] tSls [kk| oLrqvksa dh ek¡x] lsokvksa dh ek¡x] vkfnA ;g ek¡x fl¼kar dh O;kogkfjd èkkj.kk
gSA ge uhps oqQN ,sls ek¡x iQyuksa dk fo'ys"k.k djrs gSaA

1- fLFkj yksp dk ek¡x iQyu (The Constant Elasticity of Demand Function)
cgqr ls lkaf[;dh; vè;;ukssa esa] fLFkj yksp ek¡x iQyu dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ek¡x vkSj mlosQ ,sls
fuèkkZjdksa tSls oLrq dh dher] lacafèkr oLrqvksa dh dhersa] miHkksDrk dh vk;] vkfn osQ chp lacaèk osQ ckjs
esa cgqr ljy ekU;rkvksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA ;g eku fy;k tkrk gS fd miHkksDrk dh vk; vkSj lacafèkr oLrqvksa
dh dhersa fLFkj gSaaA bl vkèkkj ij] ek¡x iQyu esa dher&ek=kk lacaèk dks vyx dj fy;k tkrk gSA tgk¡ rd
ek¡x iQyu (oØ) dh vkÑfr gS] oØ dks lkaf[;dh; vk¡dM+ksa osQ vkèkkj ij fLFkr (Fit) fd;k tkrk gSA
ijarq oØ ,d Ny gS] D;ksafd ;g lgh izek.k dks dHkh O;Dr ugha djsxk cfYd osQoy mldk lfUudV
(approximation) gkssxkA
fLFkj&yksp ek¡x iQyu dk lkekU; :i gS]
b
c
d st
Q = a . P P Y e ...(1)
x x o
tgk¡ Q = oLrq x dh ek¡xh xbZ ek=kk
x
a = fLFkjkad
p =x dh dher
x
b = ek¡x dh dher yksp
p = vU; vlacafèkr oLrqvksa dh dhersa
0
c = ek¡x dh izfryksp (Cross elasticity)
y = miHkksDrk vk;
d = ek¡x dh vk; yksp
e = lgt y?kqxf.kdksa (Natural logarithms) dk vkèkkj
f = #fp;ksa osQ fy, izo`fÙk ?kVd (Trend factor)
t
mQij lehdj.k (1) esa fn;k iQyu ek¡x dk fLFkj yksp iQyu dgykrk gS] D;ksafd ek¡x dh ykspksa osQ
xq.kkad b, c vkSj d fLFkj eku fy, x, gSaA

bldh miifÙk (Its Proof)
bls fl¼ djus osQ fy,] ge ek=kk vkSj oLrq X dh dher osQ y?kqxf.kd ysrs gSa] ek¡x iQyu osQ vU; fuèkkZjd
pjksa dks fLFkj ekurs gq,A

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