Page 163 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 7 % ek¡x fl¼kar esa uwru fodkl

#fp;k¡ ifjofrZr gks ldrh gSaA blfy, ,d MEeh (fn[kkoVh) pj D ml vofèk osQ fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk uksV
gSA fiQj] ,d =kqfV ij u Hkh ,d iQyu esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
vkfFkZd vk¡dM+ksa osQ lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k osQ fy, cgqxq.k izrhixeu (multiple regression) tSlh
rduhdksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tks ,d ek¡x iQyu osQ xq.kkadksa dk vuqeku yxkus osQ fy, ek¡x ij
vkuqHkfod vk¡dM+s vkSj mlosQ fuèkkZjdksa dk iz;ksx djus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA
;fn fofHkUu Lora=k pjksa dks ek¡xh xbZ ek=kk osQ lkFk tksM+rs gq, xq.kkadksa osQ vkdkj dk vuqeku yxkuk gks] rks
,d fo'ks"k iQyu :i pquus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA nks lkekU; :i gSa_ js[kh; ek¡x iQyu vkSj ?kkrh; ek¡x
iQyuA
js[kh; ek¡x iQyu (Linear demand function) bl izdkj fy[kk tk ldrk gS
Q = a + b P + b P + b P + b Y + b T + b D + u
4
5
2 c
5
t
6
3
;fn izR;sd pj osQ fy, vk¡dM+s miyCèk gSa vkSj cgqxq.k izrhixeu (Multiple regression) dh rduhd
dks ykxw djus osQ fy, i;kZIr izs{k.k (Observation) gSa] rks vojksèk (Intercept) a osQ fy, xq.kkad vkSj
ek¡xh xbZ ek=kk ij izR;sd fuèkkZjd (b to b ) osQ izHkko dks fn[kkrs gq, xq.kkadksa dks vuqekfur fd;k tk ldrk
t
6
gSA tc ,d ckj os vuqekfur fd, x, gksa] rks izR;sd fuèkkZjd gsrq ewY;ksa osQ fdlh lSV osQ fy, ek¡xh xbZ
ek=kk dks gy djuk laHko gSA ,slk bu ewY;ksa dks lehdj.k esa 'kkfey djosQ fd;k tkrk gSA
?kkrh; ek¡x iQyu (Exponential demand function) osQ fy,] vuqekfur ykspsa vFkkZr~] viuh&dher
(own-price) yksp] izfr&dher (Cross-price) ykspsa vkSj yksp] vk¡dM+ksa osQ leLr jsat ij fLFkj ekuh
tkrh gSaA ;g Hkh eku fy;k tkrk gS fd iQyu esa #fp;k¡ fLFkj gSa vkSj =kqfV;ksa dks fudky fn;k x;k gS] rkfd
ljyhdj.k osQ fy, T D vkSj u lehdj.k esa u fy, tk,¡A bl izdkj js[kh; ek¡x iQyu dk fodYi ?kkrh;
1
ek¡x iQyu gS ftls bl izdkj fy[kk tk ldrk gSA
c
a
b
Q = PP P Y d
c
s
bl :i esa] a b, c vkSj d ykspsa ?kkrkad gSaa vkSj mQij osQ ek¡x iQyu dks y?kqx.kd (Logarithms) ysdj
,d js[kh; :i esa bl izdkj fy[kk tk ldrk gSμ
log = Q = a . log P + b. log. P + c. log P + d. log
c
s
bl lehdj.k dh ek¡x dh fofHkUu ykspksa osQ lhèks vuqeku nsdj cgqxq.k izrhixeu dh fofèk;ksa dk iz;ksx djosQ
vuqekfur fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)

fjDr LFkku Hkfj, (Fill in the blanks)μ
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1- cgqr&ls lkaf[;dh; vè;;ukas esa] fLFkj yksp dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
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2- lwpdkadksa dk fuekZ.k vusd ls lacafèkr gksrk gSA
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3- ek¡x oØ dk vuqeku yxkrs le; dh leL;k mRiUu gks tkrh gSA

vkuqHkfod ek¡x oØ (Empirical Demand Curve)μ,d vkuqHkfod ek¡x oØ dks le;ksifj fofHkUu
dherksa ij oLrq dh ek¡xh xbZ ek=kkvksa osQ iszf{kr (Observed) ekfoZQV vk¡dM+ksa ls O;qRiUu ;k fiQV fd;k tk
ldrk gS] ;g ekurs gq, fd iwjd vkSj LFkkukiUu oLrqvksa dh dhersa vkSj miHkksDrkvksa dh vk; vkSj #fp;k¡
fLFkj gSaA

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