Page 29 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 2 % larqyu dh voèkkj.kk

D vkSj S dkVrs gSaA fp=k dk isuy (B) ;g n'kkZrk gS fd ,d O;fDrxr iQeZ osQ fy, bl lkèku dk iwfrZ uksV
oØ iw.kZ ykspnkj gS vkSj ;g ml lkèku dh lhekar ykxr MFC osQ cjkcj gSA ;g iQeZ bl lkèku dh nh
gqbZ dher OP ij bldh bdkb;k¡ fu;qDr djsxh tgk¡ MFC = MRP vkSj AFC = ARP ,slk larqyu fcanq
E gS ftl ij og lkèku dh OM bdkb;k¡ yxkrh gSA ;fn 10 leku ykxr iQes± gksa vkSj izR;sd lkèku dh
1
100 bdkb;k¡ yxkrh gSa] rks bl lkèku dh oqQy ekfoZQV ek¡x vkSj iwfrZ 1000 bdkb;k¡ gksaxhA bl fo'ys"k.k dks
leLr vFkZO;oLFkk ij iSQyk;k tk ldrk gSA
bl izdkj] vFkZO;oLFkk ml le; lkekU; laarqyu esa gksrh gS tc oLrq&dhersa izR;sd ek¡x dks mldh iwfrZ osQ
cjkcj djrh gSa vkSj lkèku&dhersa izR;sd lkèku dh ek¡x dks mldh iwfrZ osQ cjkcj djrh gSa ftuls lHkh oLrq
ekfoZQVsa vkSj lkèku ekfoZQVsa ,d&lkFk larqyu esa gksrh gSaA ,sls lkekU; larqyu osQ fy, nks 'krs± ikbZ tkrh gSa
(1) lHkh miHkksDrk viuh larqf"V;ksa dks vfèkdre djrs gSa vkSj lHkh mRiknd vius ykHkksa dks vfèkdre
djrs gSa_ rFkk (2) lHkh ekfoZQVksa esa lHkh oLrq,¡ vkSj lkèku fcd tkrs gSa_ ftldk vfHkizk; gS fd oLrq vkSj
lkèku nksuksa ekfoZQVksa esa èkukRed (positive) dher ij oqqQy ek¡xh xbZ ek=kk cjkcj gksrh gS oqQy iwfrZ&ek=kk
osQA bldh O;k[;k djus osQ fy, ge ,d dfYir lkèkkj.k vFkZO;oLFkk ysrs gSa ftlesa osQoy nks {ks=k gSa] ?kjsyw
(household) vkSj O;olk; (business)A vkfFkZd fØ;k bu nks {ks=kksa osQ chp oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dk
izokg vkSj ekSfnzd izokg dk :i ysrh gSA ;s nks izokg Øe'k% okLrfod vkSj ekSfnzd izokg dgykrs gSa] ftUgsa
fp=k 2-7 esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS] ftlesa oLrq ekfoZQV (product market) uhps osQ Hkkx esa vkSj lkèku ekfoZQV
(factor market) mQij osQ Hkkx esa fn[kk, x, gSaA oLrq ekfoZQV eas] mRikndksa ls miHkksDrk oLrq,¡ vkSj lsok,¡
[kjhnrs gSa tcfd lkèku ekfoZQV esa miHkksDrk viuh lsok,¡ iznku djus osQ cnys mRikndksa ls vk; izkIr djrs
gSaA bl izdkj] mRikndksa }kjk iznku dh xbZ lHkh oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dks miHkksDrk [kjhnrs gSa vkSj buosQ cnys
mUgsa eqnzk nsrs gSaA mRiknd] vkxs] miHkksDrkvksa }kjk iznku dh xbZ lsokvksa osQ cnys mudks Hkqxrku djrs gSaμtSls
Je lsokvksa osQ fy, etnwjh] iznku dh xbZ iw¡th osQ cnys C;kt] vkfnA bl izdkj] tSlk fd fp=k osQ ckgjh
Hkkx esa rhjksa osQ }kjk fn[kk;k x;k gS] Hkqxrku mRikndksa ls miHkksDrkvksa dks vkSj miHkksDrkvksa ls mRikndksa dks
pØh; <ax ls ?kwers jgrs gSaA eqnzk Hkqxrku izokgksa osQ foijhr foijhr fn'kk esa oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa osQ izokg
gksrs gSaA oLrq ekfoZQV esa O;olk; {ks=k ls ?kjsyw {ks=k dks oLrq,¡ izokfgr gksrh gSa vkSj lkèku ekfoZQV esa ?kjsyw
{ks=k O;olk; {ks=k esa lsok,¡ izokfgr gksrh gSa] tSlk fd fp=k osQ Hkhrjh Hkkx esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA ;s nksuksa izokg
oLrq dherksa vkSj lkèku dherksa }kjk tqM+s gksrs gSaA vFkZO;oLFkk lkekU; larqyu esa gksrh gS] tc dherksa dk ,d
lSV ik;k tkrk gS ftl ij mRikndksa ls miHkksDrkvksa dks vk; izokg dh ek=kk cjkcj gksrh gSA miHkksDrkvksa ls
mRikndksa dks eqnzk&O;; izokg dh ek=kk osQA

fp=k 2-7

Demand Market Supply
Factor
Flowof Productive Resources
Producers Consumers

Product Demand
Flow of Goods and Services
Market
Supply

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