Page 308 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV dks ew[kZ cukuk gksxkA ijarq ges'kk ,slk ugha gksrkA ;fn ljdkj bu uhfr;ksa dks ykxw j[krh gSa rks os vizHkkoh gks
tkrh gSa D;ksafd yksxksa dks vfèkd le; rd ew[kZ cukuk dfBu gS vkSj os mRiknu rFkk csjkstxkjh ij blosQ izHkko
dk iwokZuqeku yxk ysrs gSaA bl izdkj] jktdks"kh;&ekSfæd uhfr;k¡ vYidky esa vizHkkoh gks tkrh gSaA jsVsDl
ifjdYiuk dk leFkZu djus okyksa osQ vuqlkj O;kid csjkstxkjh fd, fcuk LiQhfr dks fu;af=kr fd;k tk ldrk
gS] ;fn ljdkj jktdks"kh; rFkk ekSfæd mik;ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djs rFkk yksxksa dks vk'p;Zpfdr djus dh ctk; mUgsa
blosQ ckjs esa le>k,A

vkykspuk,¡ (Criticisms)

jsVsDl ifjdYiuk dh vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us fuEu vkèkkj ij vkykspuk dh gSµ
1- vokLrfod ekU;rk (Unrealistic Assumption)µfoosdiw.kZ izR;k'kkvkas dh ekU;rk vokLrfod gSA
vkykspdksa dk roZQ gS fd cM+h iQes± rks lgh&lgh vuqeku yxk ik,¡xh ijarq NksVh iQes± vFkok ,d lkekU;
deZpkjh ,slk ugha dj ik,xkA

2- eg¡xh lwpuk (Costly Information)µlwpuk ,d=k djuk] mldk fo'ys"k.k rFkk izlkj cgqr eg¡xk gSA
vr% lwpuk osQ fy, mfpr cktkj ugha gSA blfy, vfèkdka'k vk£Fkd ,tsaV foosdiw.kZ izR;k'kkvksa osQ vkèkkj ij
dke ugha dj ldrsA
3- fHkUu lwpuk (Different Information)µvkykspdksa dk ;g Hkh ekuuk gS fd ljdkj dks miyCèk lwpuk]
iQeks± rFkk ooZQjksa dks feyh lwpuk ls fHkUu gksrh gSA rnuqlkj iQeks± rFkk ooZQjksa dh LiQhfr dh laHkkfor nj osQ
ckjs esa izR;k'kk,¡ t:jh ugha fd osQoy vfopkfjr (random) =kqfV osQ dkj.k gh okLrfod nj ls fHkUu gksaA ijarq
ljdkj miyCèk lwpuk osQ vkèkkj ij LiQhfr dks laHkkfor rFkk okLrfod nj ls chp osQ varj osQ ckjs esa lgh&lgh
iwokZuqeku yxk ldrh gSA

4- dhersa vkSj etnwfj;k¡ yphyh ugha (Prices and Wages not Flexible)µ;|fi ljdkj rFkk O;fDr;ksa
nksuksa dh lwpukvkas rd igq¡p cjkcj gS rFkkfi bl ckr dh xkjaVh ugha gS fd mudh izR;k'kk,¡ foosdiw.kZ gksaxhA
vkykspdksa dk dguk gS fd dhersa rFkk etnwfj;k¡ yphyh ugha gSaA fiQfyIl] Vsyj rFkk fiQ'kj tSls vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa
us ;g n'kkZ;k gS fd ;fn etnwfj;k¡ rFkk dhersa fLFkj gSa rks ekSfæd vFkok jktdks"kh; uhfr;k¡ vYidky esa Hkh
izHkkoh gks tkrh gSaA etnwjh njksa dh fLFkjrk dk vFkZ gS fd os cktkjh 'kfDr;ksa osQ lkFk vis{kkÑr èkhes :i ls
lek;kstu djrh gSa D;ksafd etnwjh vuqcaèk ,d ckj esa nks&rhu o"kks± osQ fy, ykxw gksrs gSaA blh izdkj] vofèk osQ
vkjaHk ls laHkkfor dher Lrj dk vofèk osQ var rd cus jgus dh vis{kk dh tkrh gSA vr% ;fn izR;k'kk,¡
foosdiw.kZ Hkh gksa rks ekSfæd vFkok jktdks"kh; uhfr;k¡ mRiknu rFkk csjkstxkjh dks vYidky esa izHkkfor dj
ldrh gSaA
5- izR;k'kk,¡ vuqowQyh (Expectations Adaptive)µxksMZu (Gordon) us jsVsDl ifjdYiuk osQ roZQ dks iwjh
rjg vLohdkj dj fn;k gSA mlus nks dkj.k crk, gSaµigyk] dksbZ O;fDr fo'ks"k cktkj lek'kksèku dherksa osQ Lrj
dk vuqeku yxkus osQ fy, vFkZO;oLFkk osQ <k¡ps osQ ckjs esa i;kZIr tkudkjh ugha j[krk rFkk vuqowQyh izR;k'kkvksa
ls fpidk jgrk gSA nwljh] ;fn og fdlh rjg vFkZO;oLFkk osQ <k¡ps osQ ckjs esa èkhjs&èkhjs lh[k Hkh tkrk gS rks
Hkh foosdiw.kZ izR;k'kk,¡ vuqowQyh izR;k'kkvksa osQ cgqr lehi gksaxhA

6- ljdkj vleFkZ ugha (Government not Impotent)µizk;% ;g dgk tkrk gS fd jsVsDl ifjdYiuk osQ
vuqlkj ljdkj vk£Fkd {ks=k esa vleFkZ gSA ijarq jsVsDl vFkZ'kkL=kh ,slk ugha ekurs] cfYd mudk fo'okl gS fd
ljdkj vk£Fkd uhfr;ksa ij xgjk izHkko Mkyrh gSA

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