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smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq
È؇ auDwr lYx vwly kmriSXl bYNkW qo G`t auDwr lYxgy[ swK dw sMkucn huMdw hY Aqy kImqW hor AMgy v`Dx qo ruk
jWdI hY[ iehdy ault, jdo kImqW if`g jWdI hn, qW kyNdrI bYNk ApxI bYNk dr ƒ G`tw iddy hY[ kmriSXl
bYNkW ƒ kyNdrI bYNk qo auDwr lYxw ssqw rihdw hY, qd kmriSXl bYNk vI ApxI auDwr dyx dI dry G`tw iddy
hn[ iehdy nwl vpwirAW ƒ v`D aDwr lYx ƒ pRoqswhn imldw hY[ invyS ƒ pRoqswhn imldw hY[ aqpwdn,
rojgwr, Awmdn Aqy mMg v`Dxw Suru krdI hY Aqy kImqW dw ifgxw ruk jwdW hY[
2. Kuly bwzwr dy pRcwln (Open Market Operations) – Kuly bwzwr dy pRcwln mudrw bwzwr iv`c kyNdrI bYNk
rwhI pRiqBuiqAW dy krX-ivkrX nwl sMbD rKdy hY[ jd kImqW v`Dx lgdI hY Aqy iesƒ rokx dI lox pYdI hY
qW kydrI bYNk pRiqBuiqAW vycdw hY[ kmriSXl bYNkW dy AwrSx (reserve) G`t jWdy hn Aqy auh vpwrI vrg
ƒ hor auDwr dyx dI siQiq iv`c nhI hr jWdy[ AMgy invyS hqoqswihq huMdw hY Aqy kImqW iv`c viriD ruk jWdI
hY[ iesdy ault, jd ArQivvsQw iv`c susqI (recession) dI SkiqAW Suru hodI hY, qW kydrI bYNk pRiqBuiqAw
KrIddw hY[ kmriSXl bYNk dy AwrSx v`D jWdy hn[ auh v`D auDwr dydy hn, invyS, aqpwdn, rojgwr Aqy
mMg v`D jWdI hY Aqy kImqW dw ifgxw ruk jwdW hY[
3. irzrv AnupwqW iv`c bdlwv (Changes in Reserve Ratios) – ies Aojwr dw suJwv kynj ny ApxI
pusqk ‘Treatise of Money’ iv`c idqw sI Aqy sMXukq rwijA Amyirkw pihlW dyS sI ijsny iesƒ modirk
qrIky dy rup iv`c ApnwieAw[ kwnun dy muqwbk hr bYNk ApxI kul jmw dw kuJ pRiqSq Apxy qhKwno iv`c
irjrv koS iv`c Aqy kuJ pRiqSq kyNdrI bYNk dy kol rKxw pYdW hY[ jdo kImqW v`Dx lgdI hY qW kyNdrI bYNk
irjrv Anupwq v`Dw dydy hn[ bYkW ƒ kyNdrI bYNk dy kol v`D rwsI rKxI pYdI hY[ auhnW dy AwrSx G`t jWdy hn
Aqy auh G`t auDwr iddy hn[ invyS, aqpwdn Aqy rojgwr dI mwqrw qy pRiqkul pRBwv pYdW hY[ iehdy ault
siQiq iv`c jd irjrv Anupwq G`twieAw jwdW hY, qW kmriSXl bYNkW dy AwrSx v`D jWdy hn[ auh v`D auDwr
idqy hn Aqy AwriQk kirAw qy AnukUl pRBwv pYdy hn[
4. cXnwqmk swK inXMqRx (Selective Credit Control) – iviSSt audyiSAW iv`c ivSyS qrW dI swK ƒ pRBwivq
krx dy leI cXnwqmk swK inXMqrx kMm iv`c ilAwieAw jwdW hY[ ArQivvsQw dy iv`c sttw kirAwvW ƒ
inXMqirq krx dy leI auh Awm qor qy pirvrqnSIl sImw dI jrurqW (Changing margin requirements)
dw rup lY ildy hn[ jd ArQivvSQw iv`c jW iviSSt KyqrW iv`c kuJ vsquAW iv`c qyj sttw kirAw huMdI hY
Aqy kImqW v`Dxw Suru ho jWdI hY, qW kyNdrI bYNk auhnW sImw jwrurqW v`Dw dydI hY[ pirxwm ieh huMdw hY ik
auDwr lYx vwilAw dI iviSSt pRiqBuiqAW qy krz dy rup iv`c G`t mudrw idqI jWdI hY[ adwhrx dy leI, sImW
jrurqW ƒ v`Dwky 60 pRiqSq kr dyx dw Bwv hY ik 10,000 ru. dy mu`l dI pRiqBuiqAW dy pRwiDdwqw (pledger)
ƒ iesdy mu`l dw 40 pRiqsq (4,000 ru.) krz dy rup iv`c idqw jwvygw[iviSSt KyqrW iv`c susqI dI siQiq
iv`c, kyNdrI bYNk sImw jrurqW G`twky auDwr lYx ƒ pRoqswhn dyNdw hY[
nqIjw (Conclusion)
pRBwvSwlI ivSlySxwqmk modirk nIiq dy leI jrUrI hY ik bYNk dr, Ku`ly bwjwr dy pRcwln, irjrv Anupwq
Aqy iviSSt inXMqrx apwvW nUM ieko hI vwr ApnwieAw jwvy[pr swry mudrw isDWqkwirAW ny svIkwr kIqw
hY ik- (i) mMdI ivc jdoN vpwr ivSvws AwpxI CIxqm dSw ivc huMdw hY, aoudoN modirk nIiq dI sPlqw jIro
huMdI hY; Aqy (ii) sPIiq dy ivruD auh sPl rihMdI hY[ mudrw vwidAW dw kihxw hY ik rwjkoSIX nIiq dy mukwbly
modirk nIiq ivc ApySwkRq v`D lcIlwpn huMdw hY[ ausnUM jldI hI kwirAwinvMq kIqw jw skdw hY[
’∆ Âπ√ƒ ‹≈‰Á∂ ‘Ø modirk nIqI dw Bwv iek dyS dy kyNdrI bYNk rwhI Apnwey gey swK inXMqRx
apwieAW nwl hY[
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