Page 252 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ 3. is`Dw inXMqRx (Direct Controls)
isDw inXMqRx dw audyS kImq siQrqw dy leI sMswDnW dw TIk AwbNtn krxw hY[ auh ArQ-ivvsQw dy m`hqvpurx
ibMduAW ƒ pRBwiv`q krx dy leI huMdy hn[ auh ivsyS apBogqwvW aqy aqpwdkW ƒ pRBwivq krdy hn[ auh
rwSinMg, lwiesyNisg, kImq Aqy mjdUrI inXMqRx, inrXwq kr, ivinmX inXMqRx, ABXMS (kotw), iekwiDkwr
inXMqrx Awid dy rup iv`c huMdy hn[ auh sPIiqkwrI dbwvW nwl pYdw hox vwlI rukwvtW Aqy kMimAW ƒ dUr
krx dy leI v`D pRBwvI huMdy hn[ pr auhnW dI sPlqw iek kuSl aqy iemwndwr pRSwsn qy inrBr krdI hY[
nhI qW iesdy nwl kwlw bwjwrI, BRStwcwr, lMbI kqwry, stwbwjI Awid pYdw hMudy hn[ iesleI auhnW dw pRXog
kyvl XuD, Krwb PslW Aqy v`D qo v`D sPIiq vrgy sMktW iv`c hI krx cwihdw hY[
niqjw (Conclusion)

siQirkrx nIqI dy keI aupwieAw iv`co dI koeI AklW qrIkw ckirAw aqwr-cFwau ƒ inXMqirq krx dy leI
purI nhI hY[ iesleI swry qrIikAw dw ieko vwr pRXog krxw cwihdW hY[ modirk nIqI lwgu krxw Awswn hY
pr auh G`t pRBwvI hY, ikauik puMjIvwdI ivvsQw iv`c ckirAW nIqI Aqy is`DW inxMqRxW dw pRcln krxw muSkl
hY pr auh v`D pRBwvI hn[ ikauik puMjIvwdI ivvsQw iv`c ckirAw aqwr-cFwau ivDmwn rihdy hn, iesleI
auhnW dw purx rup iv`c Kqm krx Awswn nhI hY[ kuJ aqwr-cFwau AwriQk viriD dy leI lwBdwiek ho skdy
hn Aqy hor AvWCnIX[ siQrIkrx nIqI ƒ AvWCnIX aqwr-cFwau ƒ inXMqirq krl cwihdw hY[

√ÚÀ ÓπÒª’‰ (Self Assessment)
hyT id`qy gey kQ`nW iv`c shI Aqy glq dI pihcwn kro :

(State whether the following statements are True or False)
7. vpwr ckr dI sMkucn AvsQw ƒ iqn AvsQwvW iv`c ivKwieAw igAw hY[

8. kwlfr dy muqwbk auh SkiqAW jyVI Q`ly dI Aor mof ibMdu ilAwaudI hY, auh au`cqr qy inSicq nhI
huMdI[
9. jdo ArQivvsQw iv`c puMjI stw`k iv`c viriD huMdI hY qW ieh ArQivvsQw dI Awmdn iv`c kMmI krdw
hY[
10. modirk nIqI qyjI Aqy mMdI ƒ inXMqirq krx iv`c v`D pRBwvI huMdI hY[

26.3 √≈≈ßÙ (Summary)

ivAkqIgq Krc nUM G`t krn dy leI, srkwr ivAkqIgq kMpnI Aqy vsqu krW nUM v`DwdI hY[ jdoN
srkwrI Krc nwl AWmdn v`d huMdI hY qW srkwr AiDkX bjt (Surplus budget) dI nIiq ApnWdI
hY[ AYsw jW qW kr drW vDw ky jW srkwrI Krc G`t krky jW dovyN qrW kIqw jw skdw hY[ ieh guxk
dI ivprIq pRikirAw rwhIN Awmdn Aqy smsq mMg nUM G`t kr idMdy hn[

26.4 ÙÏÁ’ØÙ (Keywords)

J vpwr ckr (Trade Cycle) – vpwirk ckr[
J iekl (Single) – iekweI[
26.5 ¡«Ì¡≈√ ÍzÙÈ (Review Questions)

1. kwlfr dw ivAwpwr-ckr isDWq kI hY? smJwvo[

2. siQrIkrx nIqIAW jW ivAwpwr ckrW ƒ inXMqirq krx dy aupwey dso[

246 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY