Page 11 - DECO403_MATHEMATICS_FOR_ECONOMISTS_HINDI

bdkbZ iQyu

,slh nks jkf'k;k¡ ftuesa ,d osQ cnyus ij nwljh Hkh cny tkrh gS] os --------- jkf'k;k¡ dgykrh gSaA uksV

o`Ùk dk {ks=kiQy mldh --------- ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
ftu jkf'k;ksa dk eku izR;sd iz'u esa fLFkj gS] --------- dgykrh gSA

1-8 ekufp=k.k }kjk iQyu dh ifjHkk"kk

!

;fn vfjDr leqPp; $
A ," (
osQ izR;sd vo;o dk laxq.ku 7
"

vfjDr
leqPp; osQ ,d fuf'pr ,oa vf}rh;
@ vo;o ls fdlh fu;e }kjk gksrk gS rks dks leqPp;]
dks leqPp; esa ekufp=k.k ) ""
* dgk tkrk gS vkSj bls C → ls iznf'kZr djrs gSaA blh
ekufp=k.k dks iQyu dgrs gSaA ekufp=k.k nks leqPp;ksa vkSj dks vo;oksa osQ chp laxq.ku osQ T;kferh;
igyw dks iznf'kZr djrk gS vkSj iQyu bldk fo'ys"k.kkRed igyw iznf'kZr djrk gSA
nwljs 'kCnksa esa]

;fn rFkk nks vfjDr leqPp; gksa vkSj fdlh fu;e
}kjk dk izR;sd vo;o osQ osQoy ,d vf}rh;

vo;o ls laxqf.kr gks tk; rks f}pj lEcU/

dk esa iQyu dgykrk gSA

vr% : D 9 C ∈ 9 ∈ E dks dk esa iQyu dgrs gSaA
mnkgj.kkFkZµ;fn : D 9 9 E9 : D 9 9 E rks fu;e : ; }kjk osQ vo;o 9 9 Øe'k%

osQ vo;o 9 9 ls laxqf.kr gksaxsA vr% f}pj lEcU/ : D 9 9 9 9 9 E dks dk esa iQyu
dgsaxs vkSj bls
f
C → ;k →
Hkh fy[krs gSaA bl izdkj iQyu ,dd fu;e gS ftlosQ vuqlkj dk izR;sd vo;o osQ ,d vf}rh;
vo;o ls laxqf.kr gksrk gSA

1-9 iQyu dk Mksesu ;k izHkko {ks=k vkSj ijkl ;k jsat "

!

;fn iQyu C → ls ifjHkkf"kr gS rks leqPp; bl izfrfp=k.k ;k iQyu dk Mksesu ;k izHkko {ks=k
,
dgykrk gS vkSj leqPp; bldk ijkl vFkok jsat
* lg&izHkko {ks=k 7 ,
dgykrk gSA
iQyu dk izHkko {ks=k
osQ mu lHkh okLrfod ekuksa dk leqPp; ftuosQ fy, iQyu
ifjHkkf"kr gSA

iQyu dk ijkl
izHkko {ks=k dh lHkh jkf'k;ksa osQ laxr] osQ ekuksa dk
leqPp;A