Page 79 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—6% dj i¼fr ,oa blosQ lkekU; ekinaM

izksRlkfgr djsA bl ckr dks MkYVu us cMs+ gh uis&rqys 'kCnksa esa bl izdkj O;ÙkQ fd;k gS fd] ¶vkfFkZd n`f"Vdks.k uksV
ls djk/ku dh loksZÙke i¼fr og gS tks fd lcls vPNs vFkok lcls de cqjs vkfFkZd izHkko Mkyrh gSA¸
(10) forj.k dk izHkko (Effects on Distribution)
djk/ku dk iqjkuk mís'; rks osQoy vk; izkIr djuk ek=k gh jgrk FkkA izkphu le; esa] pw¡fd jkT; dks FkksMs+ gh
dk;Z lEiUu djus gksrs Fks] vr% djk/ku dks jkT; osQ fy, /u izkfIr dk ,d lk/u ek=k le>k tkrk Fkk] ijUrq
^osQoy vk; osQ fy, djk/ku* bl fopkj dks vc ,slk eè;dkyhu ukjk le>k tkrk gS tks fd orZeku n'kkvksa
esa drbZ Hkh ykxw ugha gksrkA dgk tkrk gS fd orZeku le; esa djk/ku dk mi;ksx oqQN lkekftd y{;ksa dh
izkfIr osQ ,d vL=k osQ :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gS] tSls fd vk; dh vlekurkvksa dks nwj djuk] lkèkuksa dks
mRiknd mi;ksxksa dh vksj dks eksM+uk rFkk leqnk; osQ lkekftd dY;k.k esa o`f¼ djukA tks dj] vk; dks
O;fDr;ksa osQ ikl ls ljdkj dh vksj dks LFkkukUrfjr dj nsrs gSa muls gks ldrk gS fd xSj&ljdkjh miHkksx rFkk
fuos'k (investment) dk Lo:i gh cny tk, vkSj ;g fLFkfr jk"Vh; vk; dk Lrj m¡Qpk mBkus esa lgk;d
fl¼ gks ldrh gSA vr% fu"d"kZ osQ :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd vPNh dj&i¼fr og gS tks jk"Vh; vk; dh
o`f¼ rFkk vkenfu;ksa osQ leku ,oa U;k;iw.kZ forj.k osQ fo"k; esa vk'oLr djsA
(11) ljdkjh vk; dh ek=kk rFkk dY;k.k (Size of Revenue and Welfare)
izkphu vFkok laLFkkid vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa (Classical Economists) dk fo'okl Fkk fd ljdkjh vk; dk vfUre
fu/kZjd rÙo ns'k osQ O;fDr;ksa osQ ikl fo|eku /u (Wealth) gh gS vkSj ljdkjh vk; dh izkfIr osQoy ml
/u ij dj yxkdj gh dh tk tkrh gSA bl izdkj] os okf.kfT;d vk; tSls vU; Ïksrksa dk irk yxkus esa vliQy
jgsA
mldk ;g Hkh fopkj Fkk fd xSj&ljdkjh {ks=k dh vksj dks lk/uksa osQ LFkkukUrj.k ls ykHk osQ LFkku ij gkfu;k¡
gh vf/d gksrh gSaA ;g fl¼kUr fd ljdkj] tks lcls de dj yxkrh gS lcls de [kpZ djrh gS] orZeku le;
osQ fy, mi;qÙkQ ugha gSA orZeku le; esa rks lkekftd U;k; iznku djus rFkk vkfFkZd lekurk ykus osQ fy, Hkh
ljdkj dks /u dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj djk/ku vk; dh vlekurk,¡ nwj djus] lkekftd U;k; ykus dk
egÙoiw.kZ lk/u gSA
;gk¡ ;g ckr Hkh è;ku j[kus dh gS fd ljdkjh vk; dh ek=kk ls vk'k;] vkSj oqQN ugha] osQoy lkèkuksa dh
miyC/rk (availability of resources) ls gh gSA fdlh Hkh ns'k dk vkfFkZd dY;k.k bl ckr ij fuHkZj gksrk
gS fd ;s miyC/ lk/u oSQls izkIr fd;s tkrs gSa rFkk mudk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;g gks ldrk gS fd fdlh
ns'k esa ljdkjh vk; cM+h ek=kk esa gksus ij vkfFkZd dY;k.k dh ek=kk cgqr FkksM+h gks vkSj ,slk rc gks ldrk gS
tcfd cM+h vk; iznku djus okyk djk/ku mRiknu rFkk forj.k ij izfrowQy izHkko Mkyrk gksA blosQ foijhr]
;fn fdlh ns'k dk djk/ku mRiknu rFkk U;k;iw.kZ forj.k dks izksRlkfgr djrk gS rks ogk¡ ljdkjh vk; dh ek=kk
de gksus ij Hkh vkfFkZd dY;k.k vf/d ek=kk esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA vr% ljdkjh vk; dh cM+h ek=kk osQoy
rHkh mYys[kuh; vuqowQy izHkko Mky ldrh gS tcfd mls cqf¼eÙkkiw.kZ fofHk=k enksa ij [kpZ dj fn;k tk,A bl
izdkj] ljdkjh [kpZ Hkh mruk gh egÙoiw.kZ gS ftruh fd ljdkjh vk;A
bl izdkj fu"d"kZ :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd vPNh dj&i¼fr og gS tks u osQoy jkT; dks i;kZIr vk; iznku
djs] vfirq vk; rFkk /u osQ forj.k esa ikbZ tkus okyh vlekurkvksa dks nwj djosQ ns'k osQ vkfFkZd dY;k.k esa
Hkh o`f¼ djsa A

6-4-9 fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk esa dj&iz.kkyh (Tax Structure in a Developing Economy)
izR;sd vFkZO;oLFkk esa dj&iz.kkyh dk Lo:i bl izdkj dk gksuk pkfg, fd og vFkZO;oLFkk dh vk/kjHkwr
vko';drkvksa ,oa mís'; dh iwfrZ dj losQA ,d Hkkjr tSlh fodflr vFkZO;oLFkk dh vk/kjHkwr leL;k
^vkfFkZd fLFkjrk* dks cuk;s j[kus dh gksrh gS rkfd ogk¡ iw.kZ jkstxkj dh fLFkfr crh jgsA blfy, fodflr

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 73
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY