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yksd foÙk

uksV vFkZO;oLFkk esa dj&iz.kkyh dk Lo:i bl izdkj dk gksuk pkfg, ftlls fd ogk¡ vkfFkZd fLFkjrk ,oa iw.kZ jkstxkj
dks cuk;s j[kus esa lg;ksx fey losQA fdUrq fodflr vFkZO;oLFkk dh dj&iz.kkyh fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk osQ
fy, mi;qÙkQ ugha ekuh tkrh gSA D;ksafd fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh eq[; leL;k vkfFkZd fodkl dh xfr
dks rst djus dh gksrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa dj&iz.kkyh dk Lo:i ,slk gksuk pkfg,
ftlls iw¡th fuekZ.k dh nj esa o`f¼ djosQ vkfFkZd izxfr dh nj dks c<+k;k tk losQ] eqnzk&LiQhfr ij fu;U=k.k
fd;k tk losQ rFkk /u vkSj vk; osQ forj.k esa vlekurkvksa esa deh dh tk losQA bl izdkj Li"V gS fd
fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh dj&iz.kkyh fodflr ns'kksa dh dj&iz.kkyh ls fHkUurk fy, gksrh gSA
fodk'khy ns'kksa dh dj&iz.kkyh osQ lEcU/ esa izfl¼ vFkZ'kkL=kh izks- fdUMys ctZj (Kindley Berger) dk
dguk gS fd bu ns'kksa esa dj&uhfr osQ nks eq[; mís'; gksus pkfg,µ
(i) vuko';d miHkksx o`f¼ rFkk lVVk vkfn ij fu;U=k.k rFkk
(ii) iw¡th fuekZ.k esa o`f¼ djukA

izks- ek;j ,oa ckYMfou (Meier and Baldwin) osQ vuqlkj fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh uhfr rHkh izHkko'khy gksxh
tcfd mllsµ

(i) yksxksa dh djnku {kerk c<+kbZ tk losQA
(ii) iz'kklu dks oqQ'ky ,oa bZekunkj cuk;k tk losQ] rFkk
(iii) U;k; ,oa lekurk LFkkfir dh tk losQA
fdUrq bu ns'kksa esa lqn`<+ dj&O;oLFkk dk fuekZ.k djrs le; fuEu ckrksa ij è;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,µ
(1) iw¡th fuekZ.k dh nj esa o`f¼ djuk (Increase in the rate of Capital Formation)µ
fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa iw¡th fuek.kZ dh nj cgqr uhph gksrh gSA blfy, bu ns'kksa esa djkjksi.k dk eq[; mís'; mu
leL;kvksa dk gy djuk gksuk pkfg,A dj uhfr }kjk orZeku miHkksx esa dVkSrh djosQ cprksa esa o`f¼ dh tk
ldrh gSA blosQ vfrfjÙkQ djkjksi.k }kjk lk/uksa dk fofHkUu mRiknd ,oa vuqRiknd {ks=kksa esa iqufoZrj.k djosQ
iw¡th fuekZ.k dh nj esa c<+ksrjh dh tk ldrh gSA
(2) vkfFkZd fodkl dks xfr nsuk (To Accelerate the Economic Development)µfodkl'khy
ns'kksa esa eq[; leL;k vkfFkZd fodkl dh xfr esa o`f¼ djus dh gksrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa dj uhfr ,slh fu/kZfjr
djuh pkfg, rkfd ns'k osQ mRiknu esa vf/d ls vf/d o`f¼ dh tk losQA blossQ fy, djkjksi.k ls yksxksa osQ
dke djus dh {kerk ,oa bPNk] cpr ,oa fofu;ksx dh {kerk o bPNk dks c<+kuk vko';d gSA mRiknu o`f¼
osQ fy, djkjksi.k dh lgk;rk ls lk/uksa dh Hkh fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa iqufoZrfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(3) vkfFkZd vfrjsd dks xfr'khy djuk (To Mobilize the Economic Surplus)µbu ns'kksa esa dkiQh
vkfFkZd vfrjsd miHkksx tSls vuqRiknd dk;ks± ij O;; dj fn;k tkrk gS ftlls iw¡th fuekZ.k dks gkfu igq¡prh
gSA vf/dka'k vkfFkZd vfrjsd miHkksx ij O;; dj fn;k tkrk gSA vr% bu ns'kksa esa dj&O;oLFkk ,slh gksuh pkfg,
tks lk/uksa dks futh miHkksx ls gVkdj iw¡th fuekZ.k dh vksj izsfjr dj losQ vkSj iw¡th fuekZ.k osQ vk/kj esa fujUrj
o`f¼ dj losQA
(4) vkfFkZd fo"kerkvksa dks de djuk (To Minimize the Economic Disequalities)µ fodkl'khy
ns'kksa esa vkfFkZd fo"kerk,¡ vf/d ikbZ tkrh gSaA ljdkj dks pkfg, fd og bl izdkj dh dj&uhfr dk fuekZ.k
djs ftlls ns'k esa vkfFkZd fo"kerk,¡ de ls de dh tk losaQA bl mís'; dh iwfrZ djkjksi.k }kjk dh tk ldrh
gSA vk; ,oa /u esa lekurk ykus osQ fy, izxfr'khy dj uhfr viuk;h tk ldrh gS vFkkZr~ /uh oxZ ij vf/d
nj ls dj yxk;k tk, rFkk fuEu oxZ ij cgqr de vU;Fkk mUgsa NwV nh tk ldrh gSA blosQ vfrfjÙkQ /uh oxZ
ls djksa }kjk izkIr /u dks lkekftd ykHk dh lsokvksa esa O;; djuk pkfg,A

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