Page 123 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ—8% Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh % vo/kj.kk,¡] dkj.k ,oa ljdkj dh uhfr;k¡

gekjh f'k{kk iz.kkyh nks"kiw.kZ gS D;ksafd og vf/drj lkfgfR;d gS] O;kolkf;d ugha gS ftlosQ uksV
iQyLo:i f'kf{kr csdkjh ns'k esa vf/d gSA
orZeku f'k{kk iz.kkyh ^Lo&jkstxkj* (Self-employment) dks c<+kok u nsdj ^jkstxkj ryk'k djus okyksa*
(Employment Seekers) dks vf/d c<+kok nsrh gS] ftlls leL;k tfVy gksrh tkrh gSA ;g ckr n{k
o vn{k nksuksa izdkj osQ Jfedksa ij ykxw gksrh gSA

futh {ks=k leFkZdksa dk er gS fd ljdkjh uhfr;k¡ futh {ks=k dks grksRlkfgr djrh gSa ftlls jkstxkj osQ
volj c<+kus esa viuk iwjk ;ksxnku ugha ns ikrsA Hkwrdky esa ljdkj dh dj uhfr fofu;ksx dks izksRlkgu
nsus okyh ugha jgh gSA

Hkkjr esa izfr o"kZ Je&'kfDr esa 70 ls 80 yk[k dh o`f¼ gks jgh gSA bruh vf/d ek=kk esa jkstxkj osQ
volj mRiUu djuk dfBu gSA vr% csjkstxkjh dh leL;k dk fujkdj.k djus osQ fy, tula[;k o`f¼
ij fu;U=k.k djuk vko';d gSA

jkstxkj lqfo/kvksa dks c<+kus osQ fy, ?kjsyw cprksa dks izksRlkgu fn;k tkuk pkfg, ftlls fd iw¡th fuekZ.k
Å¡ph nj ls fd;k tk losQ vkSj fofu;ksx nj esa o`f¼ dh tk losQA blls u;s&u;s m|ksxksa esa o`f¼ gksxhA

ljdkj dks izkÑfrd lk/uksa dk foLr`r losZ{k.k djosQ mu lEHkkoukvksa dk irk yxkuk pkfg, ftuls
u;s&u;s m|ksx LFkkfir fd;s tk ldrs gSaA
Hkkjr esa lkekftd <k¡ps esa mi;qDr ifjorZu fd;k tk;] rkfd tkfr izFkk] inkZ izFkk] la;qDr ifjokj
iz.kkyh vkfn osQ nks"k nwj gks losaQ vkSj Jfedksa dh xfr'khyrk esa o`f¼ gksdj jkstxkj osQ volj c<+ losaQA
xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa oqQVhj ,oa y?kq m|ksxksa dk fodkl fd;k tk;A blosQ fy, vko';d gS fd xzkeh.k {ks=kksa
esa ;krk;kr] cSad lsokvksa] fo|qr vkiwfrZ vkfn lqfo/kvksa dk fodkl fd;k tk;A blls xzkeh.k {ks=kksa eas
iSQyh csjkstxkjh dks nwj djus esa enn feysxhA
xk¡o esa lHkh izdkj osQ O;fDr;ksa osQ fy, jkstxkj osQ vusd volj mRiUu fd;s tk ldrs gSa ysfdu
vko';drk gS xk¡o dks Bhd ls clkus dh ,oa mudk leqfpr fodkl djus dhA xk¡o esa bUthfu;jksa]
vksojfl;jksa] vè;kidksa] Mkd&ckcqvksa o Mkfd;ksa] eksVjpkydksa] MkWDVjksa] NksVs m|edrkZvksa o fefL=k;ksa
rFkk vU; O;fDr;kas osQ fy, jkstxkj dh fo'kky lEHkkouk,¡ fufgr gSaA

Hkkjr esa cgqiQlyh Ñf"k dks izksRlkgu fn;k tk; ftlls fd Jfedksa dks iw.kZ jkstxkj miyC/ gks losQA
cgqiQlyh dk;ZØe osQ fy, vko';d gS fd ¯lpkbZ] mUur cht] lk[k vkfn dh O;oLFkk dh tk; rFkk
Ñf"k rduhd dk fodkl fd;k tk;A

Lojkstxkj ;kstuk dks izksRlkgu nsus osQ fy, foÙk] rduhdh izf'k{k.k] dPpk eky rFkk e'khujh vkfn dh
lqfo/k,¡ mnkjrkiwoZd miyC/ djk;h tkuh pkfg,A

f'kf{kr csjkstxkjh dh leL;k dks gy djus fy, f'k{kk iz.kkyh dk iquxZBu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A f'k{kk
iz.kkyh dks O;olk;&mUeq[k cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A f'kf{kr csjkstxkjh dh leL;k dks gy djus osQ fy,
f'k{kk dks jkstxkj&mUeq[k (Job-oriented) cukuk vko';d gSA bl mís'; dh izkfIr osQ fy, ekè;fed
Lrj ij O;kolkf;d ikB~;Øeksa (Vocational Courses) dh O;oLFkk dh tkuh pkfg,A

lkekU; jkstxkj osQ vUrxZr etnwjh jkstxkj esa o`f¼ rFkk Lojkstxkj dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA etnwjh
jkstxkj esa o`f¼ gsrq izeq[k :i ls ;kstukvksa esa fofu;ksx o`f¼ rFkk m|ksxksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls y?kq ,oa oqQVhj
m|ksxksa esa Je&iz/ku fof/;ksa dk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gSA

viSzy] 1999 ls tokgj jkstxkj ;kstuk dks iquxZfBr djosQ mlosQ LFkku ij tokgj le`f¼ ;kstuk
vkjEHk dh x;h gSA ;g ;kstuk xk¡oksa esa jgus okys xjhcksa osQ thou Lrj dks lq/kjus rFkk mUgsa ykHkizn
jkstxkj osQ volj iznku djus osQ fy, ykxw dh x;h gSA

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