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Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr
uksV vkS|ksxhdj.k O;fDr vkSj lekt osQ laiw.kZ ,oa cgqeq[kh fodkl osQ fy, Hkh vko';d gSA blls euq"; esa vusd
vko';d xq.kksa osQ l`tu esa egÙoiw.kZ lgk;rk feyrh gS tSls fd fu;ferrk] le;&fu"Brk] oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k]
vkfo"dkj dkS'ky] rduhdh izxfr osQ fy, rRijrk vkfnA
vkS|ksxhdj.k ls jk"Vªh; vFkZO;oLFkk osQ <kaps esa O;kid ifjorZu vkrk gSA blosQ izHkko ls mRiknu&izfØ;k esa
ifjorZuksa dk rkark yxk jgrk gSA
Hkkjr vkt ,d cgqr fiNM+k vkS|ksfxd {ks=k gS] ysfdu vkS|ksfxd n`f"V ls bldk vrhr cgqr le`¼ vkSj xkSjoiw.kZ
FkkA vkèkqfud vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr osQ mn; gksus ls dkiQh igys Hkkjr vkS|ksfxd {ks=k esa cgqr vkxs FkkA ;g vius
m|ksxksa vkSj dkjhxjksa dh dyk o dkS'ky osQ fy, nwj&nwj rd izfl¼ FkkA
bu m|ksxksa ls osQoy LFkkuh; vko';drkvksa dh gh iw£r ugha gksrh] vfirq bu m|ksxksa }kjk fu£er oLrq,a Hkkjh ek=kk
esa fons'kksa dks Hkh fu;kZr dh tkrh FkhaA
vBkjgoha 'krkCnh osQ vUr ls ns'k osQ iqjkus vFkok ijEijkxr m|ksx] tks izèkkur% gLrf'kYi vFkok nLrdkjh m|ksx
osQ :i esa Fks] ,d&,d djosQ u"V gksus yxsA m|ksxksa osQ mtM+us dh izfØ;k oL=k m|ksx ls 'kq: gqbZ vkSj èkhjs&èkhjs
vU; vusd m|ksx Hkh bldh yisV esa vk x,A bl izfØ;k osQ tksj idM+us ls Hkkjr vkS|ksfxd {ks=k esa fiNM+us
yxk vkSj vUrr% vkS|ksfxd ns'k ls ,d Ñf"k&izèkku ns'k cu x;kA
vkS|ksfxd iru ls jk"Vªh; vFkZO;oLFkk fNUu&fHkUu gks xbZ vkSj blosQ fofHkUu vaxksa osQ chp tks rkyesy Fkk] og
tkrk jgkA blls ns'k esa csdkjh] xjhch] Hkq[kejh vkfn xaHkhj jksxksa dks rsth ls c<+us dk volj feykA
16-3 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
• MkaokMksyμvfLFkj fLFkfr
• fuckZ/μeqDrA
16-4 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
1. D;k Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxdj.k dh vko';drk gS\ foLr`r O;k[;k dhft,A
2. Hkkjr esa ijEijkxr m|ksxksa osQ iru dk dkj.k crkb,A
3. iwoZ lq/kj dky esa vkS|ksfxd {ks=k fdl izdkj dk Fkk\
mÙkj% Lo&ewY;kadu (Answers: Self Assessment)
(i) vkfFkZd fodkl (ii) Ñf"k (iii) Ñf"k Hkwfe (iv) dY;k.k
(v) vkS|ksfxd (vi) iru
16-5 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)
1- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkkμ :nz nÙk osQ-ih-,e- lqUnje] ,l-pUn ,.M dEiuh fy-] fnYyhA
2- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk fodkl ,oa vk;kstuμ ,-,u- vxzoky] fo'o izdk'ku] fnYyhA
3- fodkl fu;kstu ,oa uhfr;k¡μ oh-lh- flUgk] lkfgR; Hkou ifCyosQ'kUl] vkxjkA
218 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
