Page 226 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV 17-1 mÙkj lq/kj dky esa vkS|ksfxd {ks=k (Industrial Sector in Post-Reform
Period)

izFke fo'o;q¼ osQ le; rdμdkiQh yach vofèk dh vkS|ksfxd fuf"Ø;rk osQ ckn mUuhloha 'krkCnh osQ eè;
ls ns'k esa vkèkqfud m|ksxksa dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA 1850&60 osQ n'kd esa oL=k vkSj iVlu m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk dh
x;hA blh chp jsy&fuekZ.k dk dk;Z 'kq: gqvk vkSj dks;yk&[kuu m|ksx Hkh LFkkfir fd;k x;kA ckxku&m|ksx
Hkh c<+s vkSj jsy ls lEcfUèkr ejEer o lqèkkj&dk;Z osQ fy, oqQN NksVs&eksVs bUthfu;jh dkj[kkus Hkh [kksys x,A
jsy&fuekZ.k osQ dk;Z dks NksM+dj] ljdkj us vkS|ksfxd {ks=k esa dksbZ fnypLih ugha yhA ;gka rd fd oqQN lkekU;
lqfoèkkvksa dh O;oLFkk osQ fy, Hkh ljdkj us dksbZ dne ugha mBk;kA ns'k esa vkèkqfud m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk dk
dk;Z eq[; :i ls futh fczfV'k iwath vkSj m|e osQ lgkjs fd;k x;kA blosQ fy, O;olk;&laxBu dh ,d fo'ks"k
iz.kkyh dks viuk;k x;k ftls eSus¯tx ,tsUlh dk uke fn;k x;kA ;g iz.kkyh Lora=krk&izkfIr osQ oqQN le; ckn
rd ns'k esa cuh jghA eSus¯tx ,tsaVksa us rduhdh tkudkjh] foÙk vkSj izcUèk vkfn dh vko';d lsok,a miyCèk
djosQ vkèkqfud m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk vkSj lapkyu esa egÙoiw.kZ gkFk caVk;kA ml le; dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ lUnHkZ
esa tcfd ljdkj mis{kk dh uhfr dk ikyu dj jgh Fkh vkSj ns'k esa foÙk ,oa rduhdh tkudkjh lEcUèkh laLFkkvksa
dk cM+k vHkko Fkk] eSus¯tx ,tsUlh iz.kkyh dk ;ksxnku cgqr egÙoiw.kZ cu x;k FkkA
ns'k esa mUuhloha 'krkCnh osQ eè; esa vkèkqfud m|ksxksa dh bl izdkj dh 'kq:vkr rks gqbZ] ysfdu fons'kh iwath vkSj
m|e us ,sls m|ksxksa dks pquk ftuls de&ls&de le; esa vfèkd&ls&vfèkd ykHk dek;k tk ldrk Fkk vFkok
tks fons'k O;kikj dh n`f"V ls egÙoiw.kZ FksA lkFk gh bl ckr dk Hkh è;ku j[kk x;k fd m|ksx ,sls u gksa ftuls
fczfV'k m|ksxksa osQ fy, izfr;ksfxdk dh laHkkouk cusA iQyLo:i ns'k esa eq[; :i ls gYosQ fdLe osQ ,oa miHkksx
oLrqvksa ls lEcfUèkr bus&fxus m|ksx gh LFkkfir gks losQA ;gh ugha cfYd vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh xfr cgqr gh
èkheh vkSj vfuf'pr FkhA bl izdkj mUuhloha 'krkCnh osQ vUr rd ns'k vkèkqfud m|ksxksa osQ {ks=k esa dksbZ fo'ks"k
izxfr ugha dj ldkA ml le; rd Hkkjr eq[;r% dPps eky dk fu;kZr vkSj rS;kj eky dk vk;kr djus okyk
ns'k cuk jgkA

izFke fo'o;q¼ osQ dky esa ns'k esa m|ksxksa dks c<+kus osQ fy, oqQN volj feykA ,d rks ;q¼&dky esa vkS|ksfxd
oLrqvksa dk vk;kr cgqr de gks x;kA 'k=kq&ns'kksa ls vk;kr rks cUn gqvk gh] fe=k&ns'k Hkh ;q¼ lEcUèkh lkeku
rS;kj djus esa yxs gksus osQ dkj.k de eky Hkst ldus dh fLFkfr esa FksA tgkt Hkh de feyrs Fks vkSj eky osQ
Hkstus esa [krjk Hkh cgqr c<+ x;k FkkA bl izdkj ;q¼&dky esa vk;kr esa Hkkjh deh gqbZ vkSj iQyLo:i ns'k osQ
m|ksxksa dks fons'kh izfr;ksfxrk ls cpdj iuius dk vPNk volj feykA blosQ vfrfjDr] ;q¼&dky esa yksgk o
bLikr] lwrh oL=k] iVlu osQ inkFkZ] Åuh o peM+s osQ eky] lkcqu vkfn vusd vkS|ksfxd oLrqvksa dh ekax esa
Hkkjh o`f¼ gqbZA cktkj dh bl rsth ls ns'k osQ m|ksxksa dks fo'ks"k c<+kok feykA vkSj fiQj] ;q¼ dky osQ nkSjku
m|ksxksa osQ izfr ljdkj osQ #[k o uhfr esa oqQN vuqowQy ifjorZu vk;kA vkS|ksfxd n`f"V ls fiNM+k Hkkjr ;q¼
dh rS;kjh esa viuk iwjk ;ksxnku nsus esa vleFkZ FkkA mu fnuksa fons'kh eky dh i;kZIr ek=kk esa miyfCèk laHko
u Fkh D;ksafd vk;kr esa Hkkjh dVkSrh gks pqdh FkhA vkS|ksfxd fiNM+siu osQ dkj.k Hkkjr bl deh dks iwjk ugha
dj ldrk FkkA bl izdkj fczfV'k lkezkT; dh lqj{kk dh n`f"V ls Hkkjr ,d detksj dM+h fl¼ gqvkA ljdkj
us bl xyrh dks eglwl fd;k vkSj ns'k osQ m|ksxksa dks c<+kok nsus osQ fy, oqQN dne mBk,A
bu vusd vuqowQy ckrksa osQ iQyLo:i vusd Hkkjrh; m|ksxksa tSls fd yksgk bLikr m|ksx] lwrh oL=k m|ksx]
iVlu m|ksx] peM+k m|ksx] dks;yk&[kuu m|ksx vkfn us ;q¼&dky osQ nkSjku cM+h rsth ls izxfr dhA
mRiknu&ek=kk vkSj m|ksxksa osQ ykHk esa Hkkjh o`f¼ gqbZA bl chp vkS|ksfxd jkstxkj dh ek=kk Hkh dkiQh rsth ls
c<+hA fofHkUu dkj[kkuksa esa yxs Jfedksa dh la[;k 1919 esa 11-7 yk[k Fkh] tcfd 1909 esa ;g osQoy 7-9 yk[k
osQ yxHkx FkhA fiQj Hkh ns'k esa dy&iqtks±] e'khuksa] jklk;fud oLrqvksa rFkk vU; vko';d lkt&lkeku dh deh

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