Page 132 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV vk;kr vH;a'kksa dh yksdfiz;rk osQ dkj.k
lu~ 1930 osQ ckn fo'o osQ dbZ ns'kksa us vk;kr vH;a'kksa dk iz;ksx] iz'kqYd osQ LFkku ij fd;kA /hjs&/hjs iz'kqYd
osQ LFkku ij vH;a'k dk iz;ksx c<+us yxkA bl iz.kkyh dh yksdfiz;rk osQ vxzfyf[kr rhu dkj.k gSaμ
(1) fons'kh iwfrZ dh ykspghurk (Inelasticity of Foreign Supply)μ;fn vk;kr dh tkus okyh oLrqvksa
dh iwfrZ izk;% csykspnkj gS rks iz'kqYd ls u rks vk;kr fd;s tkus okys ns'kksa esa mldh dher c<+k;h tk
ldrh gS vkSj u gh vk;krksa dh ek=kk dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA blesa osQoy O;kikj dh 'krks± esa lqèkkj
fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk fonsf'k;ksa ij dj yxkdj] ljdkj viuh vk; c<+k ldrh gS] fdUrq ;fn ljdkj
vk;kfrr oLrqvksa dh dhersa c<+kdj vk; dk iqufoZrj.k djuk pkgrh gS rks ;g vH;a'k iz.kkyh ls gh lEHko
gS] D;ksafd csykspnkj fons'kh iwfrZ (vk;krksa dh) gksus ls] vk;krksa ij vH;a'k }kjk izfrcU/ yxkdj gh ?kjsyw
dherksa esa o`f¼ dh tk ldrh gSA
(2) vk;krksa osQ izfrcU/ dh fuf'prrk (Certainty of Control over Imports)μvH;a'k iz.kkyh ls
vk;krksa dks izR;{k ,oa fuf'pr :i ls fu;fU=kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA iz'kqYd yxkdj ;g igys ls ugha
tkuk tk ldrk fd fuf'pr vof/ esa fdruh ek=kk dk vk;kr fd;k tk,xk] vr% bl roZQ ij fuf'pr
vk;kr vH;a'k Js"B gSA
(3) iz'kklu lEcU/h yksp (Administrative Flexibility)μvH;a'kksa dh yksdfiz;rk dk rhljk dkj.k ;g
gS fd budk iz'kklu vf/d ykspiw.kZ ,oa izHkko'khy gSA bUgsa vklkuh ls ykxw ,oa ifjofrZr fd;k tk ldrk
gS tcfd iz'kqYd dh njksa esa ifjorZu djus osQ fy, dkuwuh vM+pusa gksrh gSaA

9-4 vk;kr vH;a'k ,oa iz'kqYd % ,d rqyukRed foospu (Quotas Compared
With Tariff)

;|fi lexz :i ls iz'kqYd ,oa vk;kr vH;a'kksa osQ izHkkoksa esa lekurk gksrh gS] fiQj bu nksuksa esa jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh;
vFkZ&O;oLFkk osQ izHkkoksa dks ns[krs gq, oqQN egRoiw.kZ vUrj gSa tks bl izdkj gSaμ
(1) fdlh Hkh :i esa dksVk iz.kkyh ls ftu leL;kvksa dk tUe gksrk gS os iz'kqYd ls iSnk ugha gksrhaA iz'kqYd
yxkdj fons'kh oLrqvksa dh dhersa c<+kdj O;kikj dks lhfer fd;k tkrk gS] ijUrq iz'kqYd dk Hkqxrku dj
vlhfer ek=kk esa vk;kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA vk;kr vH;a'k yxkdj ,d fuf'pr ek=kk osQ ckn] vk;krksa
1
dks jksd fn;k tkrk gSA ,YlcFkZ osQ vuqlkj] ¶os (vH;a'k) izR;{k vkSj ifjek.kkRed izfrcU/ osQ mik;
gSaμO;kikj dk iw.kZ fu"ks/ djus gsrq vk/h eaftyA¸
(2) iz'kqYd osQ vUrxZr ekax vkSj iwfrZ dh cktkj 'kfDr osQ }kjk fu/kZfjr gksrk gS fd dkSu vk;kr djsxk rFkk
fdruh ek=kk esaA mRiknd] iz'kqYd dk Hkqxrku djus ij pkgs ftruh ek=kk esa vk;kr dj ldrk gS] fdUrq
vH;a'k iz.kkyh esa osQoy ,d fuf'pr ek=kk rd gh vk;kr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj bldk fu/kZj.k cktkj
dh 'kfDr;ksa }kjk ugha gksrkA gScjyj osQ vuqlkj] ¶vf/dre dher fuf'pr djus osQ leku vk;kr
vH;a'kksa dh fuf'pr djuk Hkh dher la;U=k esa gLr{ksi gS tks dher iz.kkyh osQ fy, vyx gSA¸ 2
(3) tgka rd laj{k.k vkSj iqufoZrj.k osQ izHkko dk iz'u gS] vH;a'k vkSj iz'kqYd esa T;knk fHkUurk ugha gksrhA
O;ogkj esa vk;kr vH;a'k vf/d laj{k.kkRed gksrs gSa] fdUrq tgka rd vk; izHkko dk iz'u gS] bu nksuksa
esa ;g vUrj gS fd tgka iz'kqYd ls ljdkj dks vk; izkIr gksrh gS vk;kr vH;a'kksa ls dksbZ vk; izkIr ugha
gksrhA ;g vUrj vk;kr ykblsUlksa dh ljdkj }kjk uhykeh osQ ekè;e ls lekIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

1. Ellsworth, International Economics, p. 383.
2. “The fixing of import quotas, like the fixing of maximum prices, is an interference with the
price machanism which is alien to the price system.” —Haberler

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