Page 137 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

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iz'kklfud] izkekf.kd rFkk fofu;euksa (Administrative, Standards and Regulations) ls rkRi;Z gS uksV
LokLF;] vkjksX; rFkk lqj{kk fofue;] i;kZoj.k (iznw"k.k) fu;U=k.k] lhek ewY;kadu rFkk oxhZdj.k] ek²dx rFkk
iSosQ¯tx vko';drk] vk;kr ykblsUl dk;Zokgh] ljdkjh O;kikj ,oa ,dkf/dkj] vk;kr dh lhekvksa ij nsjh]
ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa dks ns'k esa cuh phtsa [kjhnus osQ vkns'k ;k Lons'kh [kjhn izpkj vfHk;ku] vkfnA
vU; ck/kvksa esa f}i{kh; O;kikj le>kSrs] jkf'kikru] vUrjkZ"Vªh; oLrq le>kSrs] vUrjkZ"Vªh; dkVsZy] vkfn vkrs gSaA
izeq[k xSj&iz'kqYd ck/kvksa dk laf{kIr fooj.k fuEuor~ gSμ
1- vk;kr vH;a'k (Import Quotas)
;g ,d izeq[k ,oa izpfyr xSj&iz'kqYd ck/k gSA vk;kr vH;a'k ls rkRi;Z] oLrq dh ml fuf'pr ek=kk vFkok
ewY; ls gS ftldk le; dh ,d fuf'pr vof/ esa ns'k esa vk;kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA tc vH;a'k dh HkkSfrd
ek=kk fuf'pr dj nh tkrh gS rks mls izR;{k vH;a'k dgrs gSa vkSj tc mldh ewY; esa ek=kk fuf'pr dj nh
tkrh gS rc mls vizR;{k vH;a'k dgrs gSaA bldh yksdfiz;rk dk dkj.k ;g gS fd ;g izR;{k] izHkkoh vkSj
yksp'khy gksrk gSA
2- fu;kZr lfClMh (Export Subsidy)

fu;kZr lfClMh fdlh ljdkj }kjk ,d fu;kZrd iQeZ (vFkok mRiknd) dks nh tkus okyh vk£Fkd lgk;rk gS
rkfd fu;kZr oLrqvksa dh dher esa deh dh tk losQA blls fdlh iQeZ dks ?kjsyw cktkj dh ctk; fu;kZr cktkj
esa viuh oLrq vf/d ek=kk rFkk de dher esa cspus esa vklkuh gksrh gSA fu;kZr lfClMh izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k
nksuksa rjg ls nh tk ldrh gS] ijUrq izR;{k fu;kZr lfClMh GATT le>kSrk osQ vUrxZr izfrcfU/r gSA vr%
ljdkjsa fofHkUu izdkj dh vizR;{k fu;kZr lfClfM;ka nsrh gSa_ tSls fj;k;rh njksa ij ½.k] muosQ }kjk fn, x,
iz'kqYdksa esa okilh] deh okys dPps eky osQ vkc.Vu esa mUgsa izkFkfedrk] fons'kh eqnzk vkc.Vu esa izkFkfedrk]
O;kikj esys tSlh xfrfof/;ksa osQ izksRlkgu esa foÙkh; lgk;rk] cktkj vuqlU/ku] foKkiu] dj&jkgr] vkfn esa
foÙkh; lgk;rkA
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fu;kZr lfClMh osQ izHkko (Effects of Export Subsidy)—
fuEu fp=k 10-1 esa ,d NksVs ns'k osQ lEcU/ esa vk£Fkd S
lUrqyu osQ fu;kZr lfClMh osQ vk£Fkd iz;klksa dks n'kkZ;k x;k P
S
gS ftldh fu;kZr lfClMh dk vk;krd ns'k ij dksbZ izHkko H G K L
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ugha iM+rkA eku yhft, D vkSj S fu;kZr ;ksX; oLrq osQ ?kjsyw W
dher
ekax rFkk iw£r oØ gSa rFkk ?kjsyw cktkj lUrqyu E fcUnq ij E
gSA fo'o dher OP osQ lkFk] tks ?kjsyw dher (E) ls mQij
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gS] ?kjsyw ekax OM gS rFkk ?kjsyw iw£r OM gSA ekax ls iw£r
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1
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vf/d OM > OM gksus osQ dkj.k ns'k M M ek=kk fu;kZr X
1
1
2
2
O M M M M
djrk gSA fu;kZr osQ foLrkj dks izksRlkfgr djus osQ fy, 3 1 2 4
ek=kk
ljdkj izR;sd fu;kZrd bdkbZ ij P – P, lfClMh nsrh gSA fp=k 10-1
w
blls ?kjsyw dher OP, ?kjsyw mRikndksa rFkk miHkksDrkvksa nksuksa
osQ fy, c<+rh gSA bl dher ij oLrqvksa dh ekax OM ij fxj tkrh gS] ijUrq iw£r M M rd c<+ tkrh gSA
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3
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fo'o dher OP gksus osQ dkj.k OP rFkk OP dherksa esa vUrj dh fu;kZrdksa dks {kfriw£r lfClMh osQ :i
s
w
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esa fey tkrh gS vkSj fu;kZr M M ls M M rd c<+ tkrk gSA pwafd miHkksDrk dks lfClMh osQ ckn tks dher
1 2 2 4
nsuh iM+rh gS og c<+ tkrh gS] blfy, miHkksDrk vfrjsd (Consumer’s Surplus) fp=k esa H + G {ks=k osQ cjkcj
de gks tkrk gS] ijUrq mRiknd vfrjsd esa ykHk H + G + K {ks=k osQ cjkcj gksrk gSA ljdkj dks iM+us okyh
lfClMh dh oqQy ykxr fu;kZfrr ek=kk dh izfr lfClMh bdkbZ xquk gksrh gS tks G + K + L {ks=k osQ cjkcj gksrh
gSA ns'k dks gksus okyh 'kq¼ dY;k.k gkfu f=kHkqt G rFkk L gSaA la{ksi esa]
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 131