Page 141 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—10% jktuSfrd vFkZO;oLFkk dh xSj&iz'kqYd ck/k,¡ vkSj muosQ fufgrkFkZ

ij oLrq dh OM ek=kk dk fu;kZr rFkk vk;kr fd;k tkrk gSA uksV
oLrq dks lfClMh izkIr gksus osQ i'pkr~ iw£r oØ P S lfClMh P E N S
w
dh iwjh jkf'k osQ cjkcj P S rd uhps ljd tkrk gSA eku w F H
s 1
P G S
yhft, dher ?kVdj OP gks tkus ij vk;kr ekax esa dksbZ s E 1
s
ifjorZu ugha gksrkA ,slh n'kk esa u;k lUrqyu fcUnq E ij gksxk dher
1
rFkk vk;kr OM ls D m
OM rd c<+ tk;sxkA blosQ iQyLo:i fons'kh miHkksDrkvksa
1
dks ykHk osQ :i esa F + G = (P P E E) {ks=k miHkksDrk dh O M M 1 ek=kk
w s 1
cpr gksxkA fu;kZrd ns'k dh lfClMh dh ykxr F + G + H = fp=k 10-3
(OM + P P ) {ks=k gSA pwafd mRiknd vfrjsd (;k ns'kh) esa
w s
1
ykHk F + G gS] vr% fu;kZr lfClMh ls gkfu f=kHkqt H gS] ;|fi lfClMh fons'kh miHkksDrkvksa dks ykHk igqapkrh
gS fiQj Hkh vk;krdrkZ ns'k dks {ks=k H osQ cjkcj mldh dher de gksus osQ dkj.k bl oLrq osQ mRiknu esa gkfu
gksxhA bldh {kfriw£r osQ fy, ;g fu;kZr lfClMh osQ cjkcj izfrdkjkRed 'kqYd yxk nsrk gSA iQyLo:i oLrq
dh dher OP ls c<+dj OP gks tkrh gS vFkkZr~ og lfClMh iwoZ Lrj ij okil pyh tkrh gSA bl rjg] lkjh
s
w
miHkksDrk dh cpr vk;krd ns'k esa lekIr gks tkrh gS] ijUrq ljdkj F {ks=k osQ cjkcj 'kqYd ls jktLo izkIr
djrh gS] ftlls miHkksDrkvksa dh cpr dh oqQN gn rd {kfriw£r gks tkrh gSA nwljh vksj 'kqYd }kjk fu;kZrd
ns'k dk fu;kZr ?kV tkrk gS] ijUrq ljdkj fu;kZr lfClMh osQ :i esa G + H {ks=k cpk ysrh gSA
9- jktdh; O;kikj (State Trading)

jktdh; O;kikj ls rkRi;Z ml O;oLFkk ls gS ftlosQ vUrxZr oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr o fu;kZr dk leLr nkf;Ro
ljdkj }kjk fu;fU=kr laLFkk ij NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA jktdh; O;kikj dk mís'; ;g gksrk gS fd nqyZHk fons'kh
fofue; dk mi;ksx fons'kksa ls osQoy vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ ,oa vko';d oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr gsrq fd;k tk,A blosQ
vfrfjDr ?kjsyw m|ksxksa dks fons'kh izfrLi¼kZ ls cpkus osQ fy, Hkh ;g mi;qDr le>k tkrk gS fd vk;kr o fu;kZr
ij jkT; dk fu;U=k.k jgsA
10- vUrjkZ"Vªh; dkVsZy (International Cartels)
xSj&iz'kqYd ck/kvksa dk ,d Lo:i vUrjkZ"Vªh; dkVsZy esa Hkh fufgr gSA vUrjkZ"Vªh; dkVsZy vUrjkZ"Vªh; cktkj esa
,dkf/dkjh dh fLFkfr cuk, j[kus esa liQy gks tkrk gS] ftldk mís'; ijLij ykHk osQ fy, oLrqvksa dh dherksa
ij fu;U=k.k j[kuk gksrk gSA OPEC bldk ,d izR;{k mnkgj.k gSA

VkLd vUrjkZ"Vªh; dkVsZy D;k gS\

vk£Fkd fodkl dks izksRlkfgr djus esa O;kikj ck/kvksa dh Hkwfedk (Role of Trade Restrictions in
Promoting Economic Development)
fodkl'khy ns'k cgqr&lh O;kikj ck/k,¡ tSlsμvk;kr ykblsal rFkk ek=kkRed izfrcU/ viukrs gSa lkFk gh xqIr
'kqYd ;FkkμLVkEi dj] cUnjxkg 'kqYd] vfxze U;wure tekjkf'k] vkfn olwy djrs gSaA ;s lHkh mik; O;kikj
#dkoVsa mRiUu djrs gSaA ;s O;kikj #dkoVsa vYifodflr ns'kksa osQ fodkl dks izksRlkfgr djus esa fuEuor~ lgk;rk
djrh gSaμ
(1) iz'kqYd rFkk xSj&iz'kqYd ck/k,¡ ?kjsyw m|ksxksa dks fons'kh izfrLi¼kZ ls cpkrh gSaA
(2) fodkl'khy ns'kksa }kjk O;kikj esa [kM+h dh xbZ #dkoVksa ls Hkqxrku lUrqyu dks lq/kjus esa enn feyrh gSA

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