Page 145 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—11% O;kikj larqyu ,oa Hkqxrku larqyu % vFkZ ,oa ?kVd

(vFkok Hkqxrku lUrqyu) }kjk ,d ns'k Øe'k% vius vk;kr&fu;kZr O;kikj vkSj fons'kksa ls leLr ysu&nsuksa osQ uksV
ckjs esa Lo;a dh fLFkfr Kkr dj ysrk gSA blfy, izR;sd ns'k ,d fuf'pr vof/ osQ fu;fer :i ls O;kikj
lUrqyu ,oa Hkqxrku lUrqyu rS;kj djrk gSA

11-1 O;kikj lUrqyu ,oa Hkqxrku lUrqyu% vFkZ ,oa ?kVd (Balance of Trade and
Balance of Payments: Meaning and Components)

,d ns'k }kjk ,d fuf'pr vof/ esa vius ns'k ls fd, x, eky osQ fu;kZr ,oa vk;kr osQ 'ks"k dks
O;kikj&lUrqyu dgrs gSaA bldks ,d lkaf[;dh; lkj.kh osQ :i esa izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA ;s oLrq,¡ vFkok
O;kikfjd eky] ftudk cUnjxkgksa] lhek lM+d osQUnzksa] gokbZ vM~Mksa vkfn ij vkus o tkus dk ys[kk gksrk gS]
O;kikj lUrqyu esa 'kkfey gksrs gSaA bUgsa n`'; (Visible) fu;kZr ,oa vk;kr Hkh dgrs gSaA O;kikj lUrqyu ,d
fuf'pr vof/ esa ,d ns'k osQ fu;kZrksa ,oa vk;krksa osQ oqQy ewY; dk vUrj gSA ;fn oLrqvksa osQ fu;kZrksa
dk ewY; vf/d gS vk;krksa dk de gSa rks O;kikj&lUrqyu vuqowQy (vFkok i{k esa) dgykrk gSA blosQ foijhr
vk;krksa dk oqQy ewY; fu;kZrksa osQ oqQy ewY; dh vis{kk vf/d gksus ij O;kikj lUrqyu izfrowQy (vFkok foi{k
esa) dgykrk gSA nksuksa dh jkf'k iw.kZr% cjkcj gksus ij iw.kZr% lUrqyu dh fLFkfr gksrh gS] ijUrq O;ogkj esa ,slk
de gh gksrk gSA dHkh vk;kr vf/d gksrs gSa rks dHkh fu;kZrA
izsQMfjd csUge (Frederic Benham)μ,d ns'k dk O;kikj lUrqyu ,d vof/ osQ mlosQ fu;kZrksa osQ ewY;ksa vkSj
mlosQ vk;krksa osQ ewY; dk lEcU/ gSA ;fn izFke nwljs ls vf/d gS rks vUrj dks fu;kZr vkf/D; vkSj ;fn nwljk
izFke ls vf/d gS rks vUrj dks vk;kr vkf/D; dgrs gSaA
lseqvylu (Samuelson)μ;fn O;kikfjd eky dk fu;kZr dk ewY; vk;kr&eky osQ ewY; ls vf/d gS rks
¶vuqowQy O;kikj&'ks"k¸ dgrs gSaA ;fn vk;kr fu;kZr ls vf/d gS rks ;g ¶izfrowQy O;kikj 'ks"k¸ gSaA
O;kikj lUrqyu osQ rhu Lo:i gSaμ(i) vuqowQy O;kikj lUrqyu (Favourable Balance of Trade)—ml
voLFkk dk uke gS tc ,d ns'k esa ,d fuf'pr vof/ izk;% ,d o"kZ esa] O;kikfjd eky dk fu;kZr O;kikfjd
eky osQ vk;krksa osQ ewY; ls vf/d gSaA bls lnSo /ukRed fpUg (+) ls O;Dr djrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] Hkkjr
dk 1972&73 esa O;kikj lUrqyu $ #- 103-4 djksM+ Fkk vFkkZr~ oqQy fu;kZrksa dk ewY; vk;krksa osQ ewY; ls #-
103-4 djksM+ vf/d FkkA (ii) izfrowQy O;kikj lUrqyu (Unfavourable Balance of Trade)—og voLFkk gS
tc vk;krksa dk ewY; fu;kZrksa ls vf/d gksrk gS bls ½.kkRed fpUg ls crkrs gSaA tSls Hkkjr esa 1977&78 esa
O;kikj lUrqyu #- 692 djksM+ Fkk vFkkZr~ fu;kZrksa dk oqQy ewY; vk;krksa osQ ewY; ls #- 692 djksM+ de FkkA (iii)
lUrqfyr O;kikj lUrqyu (Equilibrium Balance of Trade)μtc oqQy fu;kZrksa o oqQy vk;krksa dk ewY;
cjkcj gksA ijUrq ,slh fLFkfr viokn Lo:i dfBukbZ ls gh gksrh gSA oqQN rks vUrj vo'; ik;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr
osQ O;kikj lUrqyu esa futh rFkk lkoZtfud {ks=k nksuksa osQ }kjk leqnzh ok;qekxZ ,oa LFkyekxZ lHkh ls fd;k x;k
fons'kh O;kikj dk ewY; lfEefyr gSA fu;kZrksa esa iqu% fu;kZr (Re-exports) Hkh lfEefyr gksrs gSaA izk;% vk;krksa
dk ewY; ykxr chek HkkM+k ewY; (c.i.f. price) ij rFkk fu;kZrksa dk ewY; tgkt ij eqDr ewY; (f.o.b. price)
ij vkadyu fd;k tkrk gSA
O;kikj lUrqyu dk izHkko (Effects of Balance of Trade)

,d ns'k osQ O;kikj lUrqyu dk fuEufyf[kr izHkko gS%
(1) vFkZO;oLFkk dh lkekfU; fLFkfr (General Condition of the Economy of a Country)μlkE; O;kikj
lUrqyu lkekU; fLFkfr dks crkrk gSA vuqowQy lUrqyu vPNh lqn`<+ fLFkfr rFkk izfrowQy lUrqyu detksj
fLFkfr dk ifjpk;d gSA vk;krksa dh fu;kZrksa ls vf/drk dk vk'k; fonsf'k;ksa osQ izfr nsunkfj;k¡ vf/d gksuk
gS vkSj blfy, izfrowQy lUrqyu Lons'k dh detksj O;kikfjd fLFkfr crkrk gSA blosQ foijhr fu;kZr vk;krksa

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