Page 147 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—11% O;kikj larqyu ,oa Hkqxrku larqyu % vFkZ ,oa ?kVd

(2) fu;kZrksa esa o`f¼ (Export Promotion)μizfrowQy O;kikj lUrqyu dks lq/kjus osQ fy, ns'k ls fu;kZrksa uksV
esa o`f¼ djus rFkk fu;kZrksa ls vf/dkf/d vk; izkIr djus dk iz;Ru fd;k tkrk gSA fu;kZr lao¼Zu osQ fy,
eqnzk dk voewY;u (Devaluation of Money)] jkf'kikru dh uhfr (Dumpting Policy)] lkoZtfud {ks=k esa
fu;kZr lEc¼Zu laLFkkuksa ,oa miØeksa dh LFkkiuk] fons'kksa ls f}i{kh; le>kSrs djuk] fu;kZr oLrqvksa dh fdLr]
iS¯dx vkfn esa lq/kj djuk] ns'k esa cUnjxkg rd eky igq¡pkus osQ fy, ;krk;kr O;; esa fu;kZr nsuk] fu;kZrdksa
dks vk£Fkd ,oa vU; lqfo/k,¡ nsuk] fons'kksa esa foØ; o`f¼ gsrq cktkj vuqlU/ku] foKkiu] izn'kZuh] esyksa vkfn
dk vk;kstu rFkk ,sls gh vusd iz;Ru fd;s tkrs gSaA
(3) vk;kr izfrLFkkiu (Import Substitution)μfons'kksa ls vk;kfrr oqQN eky dks ns'k esa gh cukus osQ
iz;Ru fd;s tkrs gSa] blls nks ykHk gksrs gSa] (i) Hkfo"; esa mu oLrqvksa dk vk;kr ugha djuk iM+rk] rFkk (ii)
ns'k esa gh u;s u;s vkS|ksfxd mRiknuksa osQ fy, dkj[kkuksa] vuqlU/kux`gksa] iz;ksx'kkykvksa dh LFkkiuk dh tkrh
gSA ijUrq ns'k esa fu£er eky dh fdLr ,oa ewY; (mRiknu ykxr) vkfn esa vUrj gks tkrk gSA Hkkjr us vius
;gk¡ vk;krksa osQ izfrLFkkiu dh uhfr osQ dkj.k gh xr rhu n'kkfCn;ksa esa Hkkjh vkS|ksfxd mUufr dh gSa vkSj
vusd oLrqvksa dk vk;kr cUn vFkok de dj fn;k gSA

(4) Hkqxrku lUrqyu esa lkE; (Equilibrium in Balance of Payments)μizfrowQy O;kikj lUrqyu gksus ij
Hkqxrku lUrqyu dh vU; enksa&lsokvksa (cSad] chek] leqnzh ifjogu)] i;ZVu vkfn osQ ekè;e ls fons'kh eqnzk
izkfIr;ksa (Receipts of Foreign Exchange) dks vf/d djus dk iz;Ru fd;k tkrk gSA blls vk;krksa osQ
vfèkd gksus ij Hkh Hkqxrku lEcU/h dfBukbZ ugha gksrhA
(5) fons'kh eqnzk osQ dkj.k (Foreign Exchange Loans)μizfrowQy O;kikj lUrqyu gksus ij vk;krksa osQ
Hkqxrku dks LFkfxr djus osQ fy, ;k rks nh?kZdkyhu vk/kj ij m/kj eky [kjhnk tkrk gS vFkok fons'kh
ljdkjksa] foÙkh; laLFkkvksa ls vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; o {ks=kh; foÙkh; laLFkkvksa ls ½.k izkIr fd;s tkrs gSaA foØ;
osQ le; esa eky osQ fu;kZrd dks rks foÙk laLFkk,¡ Hkqxrku dj nsrh gSa vkSj vk;krd fu/kZfjr vof/ osQ i'pkr
foÙk laLFkkvksa dks og jde pqdk nsrk gSA

Hkqxrku lUrqyu (Balance of Payments) dk vk'k;μoLrqvksa osQ vk;kr fu;kZr osQ vfrfjDr vU; lkSns Hkh
gSa] ftuosQ fy, fons'kksa dk Hkqxrku fd;k tk; vFkok Hkqxrku izkIr gksA Hkqxrku lUrqyu cukdj fons'kksa ls
gksus okys leLr ekSfnzd O;ogkjksa dh okLrfod fLFkfr Kkr dh tkrh gSA blls fons'kh eqnzkvksa dh izkfIr ,oa
mi;ksx dh enksa dh tkudkjh Hkh feyrh gSA Hkqxrku lUrqyu ,d lka[;dh; lkjka'k vfHkys[k (fjdkMZ)
(Statistical Summary Record) gS ftlesa ,d fuf'pr vof/ (izk;% ,d o"kZ vFkok N% ekg) esa ,d ns'k
osQ lHkh vUrjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; lkSnksa dk ys[kk gSA blls Kkr gks tk;sxk fd fdu lkSnksa osQ fy, ml ns'k dks
fons'kksa ls Hkqxrku izkIr gksrk gS rFkk fduosQ fy, og Hkqxrku pqdkrk gSA Hkqxrku lUrqyu dks oqQN izeq[k fo}kuksa
us fuEu 'kCnksa esa O;Dr fd;k gSμ
(i) MsycVZ ,] LukbMj (Delbert A. Snider)] ¶,d ns'k dk Hkqxrku lUrqyu ,d fuf'pr vof/ esa
lEiUu ml ns'k osQ lHkh vUrjkZ"Vªh; vk£Fkd ,oa foÙkh; lkSnksa dk ,d lkjka'k fjdkMZ gSA¸
(ii) lseqylu (Samuelson)] ¶og fooj.k gS] ftlesa lHkh oLrqvksa] migkjksa] fons'kh lgk;rk] iw¡th] ½.k]
Lo.kZ ,oa vU; eqnzk,¡ tks ns'k osQ Hkhrj vkrh gSa vkSj ckgj tkrh gSa rFkk bu lHkh enksa osQ ikjLifjd
lEcU/ksa ij è;ku j[kk tkrk gSA¸
(iii) pkYlZ ,u- gS¯ux (Charles N. Hanning)] ¶,d fuf'pr vof/ esa (izk;% ,d o"kZ) ,d ns'k

osQ 'ks"k fo'o osQ lkFk gq, leLr vUrjkZ"Vªh; lkSnksa osQ lka[;dh; lkjka'k dks Hkqxrku lUrqyu dgk
tkrk gSA¸

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