Page 148 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV bu ifjHkk"kkvksa ls Li"V gS fd Hkqxrku lUrqyu ,d fuf'pr vof/ (izk;% ,d o"kZ) esa gq, ,d ns'k osQ
vUrjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; ysu&nsuksa dk lkjka'k gS tks lkj.kh osQ :i esa cuk;k tkrk gSA blls fuEufyf[kr nks rF;ksa dh
tkudkjh feyrh gSμ
(i) fons'kksa dk ml ns'k osQ izfr fdruk Hkqxrku nkf;Ro gS\
(ii) ml ns'k dk fons'kksa osQ izfr fdruk Hkqxrku nkf;Ro gS\
Hkqxrku lUrqyu cukus dk mís'; ,d ns'k dh vUrjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; fLFkfr izLrqr djuk gS rkfd lEcfU/r
ljdkjh vf/dkfj;ksa dks ekSfnzd] iz'kqYd] O;kikj o Hkqxrku lEcU/h uhfr dk fuekZ.k djus esa lgk;rk feysA ftl
izdkj ,d vkS|ksfxd dEiuh viuk ok£"kd ys[kk rS;kj dj o"kZ Hkj esa ykHk rFkk fpV~Bs }kjk o"kZ osQ vfUre fnu
viuh vk£Fkd fLFkfr (lEifÙk ,oa nkf;Roksa) dk fjdkMZ rS;kj djrh gSA ,d ns'k Hkqxrku lUrqyu esa fo'o osQ
vU; ns'kksa ls lEiUu Hkqxrkuksa dk fooj.k (ys[kk) rS;kj djrk gSA blls ml ns'k dh foÙkh; fLFkfr dk Kku gksrk
gSA Hkfo"; esa fofHkUu vk£Fkd uhfr;k¡ fu/kZj.k djus esa ;g lwpuk mi;ksxh fl¼ gksrh gSA fons'kh yksx Hkh Hkqxrku
lUrqyu osQ }kjk ml ns'k dh vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj o vU; ysu&nsuksa esa Hkqxrku {kerk dh lqn`<+rk (Soundness
of Payment Capacity) dk irk yxkrs gSaA
O;kikj lUrqyu ,oa Hkqxrku lUrqyu esa vUrjμO;kikj lUrqyu ,oa Hkqxrku lUrqyu dk vk'k; tkuus osQ
i'pkr nksuksa esa vUrj Kkr djuk ljy gSA nksuksa esa eq[; vUrj fuEufyf[kr gS%
(i) Hkqxrku lUrqyu esa os lHkh ensa ftuesa fons'kksa ls ekSfnzd Hkqxrkuksa dk ysu&nsu djuk iM+rk gS] dks rFkk
O;kikj lUrqyu esa osQoy oLrqvksa dk vk;kr ,oa fu;kZrksa osQ ewY;ksa osQ 'ks"k dks Kkr fd;k tkrk gSA vr%
O;kikj& lUrqyu ,d lhfer vFkZ j[kus okyk 'kCn gS rFkk Hkqxrku lUrqyu foLr`r vFkZ okykA O;kikj
lUrqyu Hkh Hkqxrku lUrqyu dk ,d va'k gSA Hkqxrku lUrqyu Kkr djus ls iwoZ O;kikj lUrqyu dh
tkudkjh ,oa fuekZ.k vko';d gSA
(ii) O;kikj lUrqyu esa osQoy oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr fu;kZr dk ys[kk gSA ;s oLrq,¡ cUnjxkgksa ls ns'k osQ ckgj
,oa Hkhrj Hksth tkrh gSa] budks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA vr% bUgsa n`'; O;kikj ensa (Visible Trade Items)
dgrs gSaA Hkqxrku lUrqyu esa n`'; O;kikj enksa osQ vfrfjDr vU; ensa] ftUgsa ns[kk ugha tkrk] vn`'; ensa
(Invisible Items)] ftudk cUnjxkgksa ij ys[kk gksuk vko';d ugha] Hkh lfEefyr gksrk gSA
(iii) O;kikj&lUrqyu Kkr djus dk mís'; lhfer gS fd ,d ns'k fdu&fdu oLrqvksa dk vk;kr o fu;kZr
djrk gS\ mudk ewY; D;k gS\ tcfd Hkqxrku lUrqyu cukus dk mís'; cgqr vf/d egRoiw.kZ ,oa
foLr`r gSA blosQ ekè;e ls ,d ns'k fo'o lekt esa viuh vk£Fkd ,oa foÙkh; fLFkfr dks vf/d lgh
<ax ls ns[k ldrk gSA mlus oLrq fu;kZr de fd;s gksa] fiQj Hkh vU; enksa ls og i;kZIr fons'kh eqnzk,¡
v£tr djosQ viuh ysunkj dh fLFkfr cuk;s j[k ldrk gS o fons'kh ls Hkkjh la[;k esa oLrq,¡ udn
Hkqxrku dj vk;kr dj ldrk gSA
(iv) O;kikj lUrqyu vuqowQy ,oa izfrowQy gks ldrk gS ijUrq ys[kksa osQ :i esa Hkqxrku lUrqyu lnSo lUrqfyr
gksrk gSA Hkqxrku lUrqyu esa vlkE;rk dks ½.k] vuqnku ,oa Lo.kZ osQ vk;kr&fu;kZr (;fn fd;s x;s gksa)
osQ ekè;e ls nwj dj lUrqfyr voLFkk crk;h tkrh gSA O;ogkj esa Hkqxrku lUrqyu Hkh vlUrqfyr gksrk
gS] vkSj ;g vlUrqyu tcfd og izfrowQy gks] detksj foÙkh; o vk£Fkd fLFkfr dk ifjpk;d gS] ijUrq
O;kikj lUrqyu esa izfrowQyrk vf/d egRo ugha j[krhA
Hkqxrku lUrqyu dk egÙoμ,d ns'k osQ vUrjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; ysu nsuksa dk lka[;dh; fooj.k gh Hkqxrku lUrqyu
gSA Hkqxrkuksa osQ fy, ,d ns'k ls nwljs ns'kksa esa eqnzk ,oa iw¡thdks"k dk vkokxeu (Movement) gksrk gSA Hkqxrkuksa
osQ pqdkus osQ fy, iw¡th dk vkokxeu fdruh ek=kk esa fdl ns'k dh eqnzkvksa esa gqvk ;g Hkqxrku lUrqyu ls Kkr
gks tkrk gSA lseqvylu osQ vuqlkj iw¡th osQ vkokxeu osQ ekSfnzd igyqvksa dks le>uk vUrjkZ"Vªh; foÙk dh ,d
izeq[k leL;k gSA Hkqxrku lUrqyu esa nh xbZ vU; lwpuk,¡ Hkh cgqr egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA fo'ks"kdj ljdkj osQ fy,

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