Page 150 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV gksrh gSA blh izdkj fons'kksa ls izkIr ½.k ;k jkf'k;k¡ Hkh tek esa fy[kh tk;saxh] D;ksafd muls ns'k osQ fons'kh eqnzk
dks"k esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA fons'kksa dks fn;s x;s ½.k ;k jkf'k;k¡ uke esa fy[kh tk;saxh D;ksafd blls fons'kh eqnzk dks"k
de gksrs gSaA Lo.kZ dk vk;kr o fu;kZr vU; oLrqvksa osQ leku vk;kr o fu;kZr osQ :i esa fy[kk tk;sxkA bl
izdkj leLr ysu nsuksa dk ys[kk rS;kj fd;k tk;sxk ,oa Hkqxrku lUrqyu lUrqfyr gksxkA pkyw [kkrs osQ ^tek* ,oa
^uke* esa fudyus okyh 'ks"k jkf'k iw¡th [kkrs osQ ;ksx esa lek;ksftr dj nh tkrh gSA vr% pkyw [kkrk ,oa iw¡th
[kkrk nksuksa feydj lUrqfyr fLFkfr crkrs gSaA pkyw [kkrs osQ 'ks"k osQ vk/kj ij gh Hkqxrku lUrqyu esa vlkE;rk
dk cks/ gksrk gSA ;fn ^tke* i{k ^uke* i{k ls vf/d gS rks ^'ks"k* i{k esa vFkok vuqowQy rFkk ^uke* i{k ^tke*
i{k ls vf/d gksus ij ^'ks"k* foi{k esa ;k izfrowQy Hkqxrku lUrqyu dgk tkrk gSA
pkyw [kkrkμtek (Credit) > uke (Debit) vuqowQy Hkqxrku lUrqyu ($)
tek (Credit) < uke (Debit) izfrowQy Hkqxrku lUrqyu (μ)
tek ¾ uke (Hkqxrku lUrqyu dh lkE; voLFkk)
Hkqxrku lUrqyu dh ensa (Items of Balance of Payments)μHkqxrku lUrqyu dh ensa fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
pkyw [kkrk 1- oLrqvksa dk vk;kr ,oa fu;kZr (n`'; O;kikj)

2- ;krk;kr (HkkM+k ,oa vU; ;krk;kr O;;)
vn`'; O;kikj ensa 3- ;k=kk,¡ (lsokvksa osQ fy, ;k vU; fdlh iz;kstu ls gks)
4- fofu;ksx vk; (C;kt] ykHkka'k] ykHk vkfn)
5- chek
6- gLrkUrj.k (futh {ks=k gks ;k ljdkjh ;k laLFkkvksa dksisU'ku vkfn)
iw¡th [kkrk 1- fofu;ksx (bl ns'k osQ fons'kksa esa ;k fonsf'k;ksa osQ bl ns'k esa ftudh vof/ ,d o"kZ
ls vf/d dh gks) lEifÙk;ksa ;k nkf;Roksa lEcU/h lkSnsA
2- vYidkyhu fofu;ksx (tks ,d o"kZ ls de gksμvk; izkfIr osQ mís'; ls gks ftuesa
cSadksa }kjk tek o ½.k Hkh lfEefyr gSa)A

3- ljdkjh lkSnsμ(1) iw¡thxr lkSns] (2) jf{kr dks"k lEcfU/ ftuesa vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk
dks"k esa tek ½.k Hkh lfEefyr gSA
oqQN izeq[k enksa dk foLr`r mYys[k fuEufyf[kr gSμ
(i) O;kikfjd eky ;k n`'; O;kikj ;k oLrqvksa dk vk;kr&fu;kZr (Visible Trade)μ lokZf/d
egRoiw.kZ en gSA bldh ¶tek¸ o ¶uke¸ dk vUrj gh ¶O;kikj lUrqyu¸ dgykrk gSA fons'kh O;kikj
esa tks Hkh oLrq,¡ vk;kr o fu;kZr dh x;ha] muosQ ewY; dk ys[kk ;gk¡ fy[kk tkrk gSA bUgsa n`'; vk;kr
;k fu;kZr ensa Hkh dgrs gSaA vk;kr dk ewY; pqdkuk gksxk os ^uke* rFkk fu;kZr ftudk ewY; izkIr gksrk
gS ^tek* fy[kh tkrh gSaA ljdkjh ,oa futh {ks=k nksuksa osQ gh vk;kr fu;kZr ;gk¡ fn[kk;s tk;saxsA lkekU;r%
fu;kZrksa dk ewY; f.o.b. ewY;ksa (Free on Board Price) rFkk vk;krksa dk c.i.f. (Cost Insurance Freight

(ykxr HkkM+k lfgr ewY;) vk/kj ij fn[kk;s tkrs gSaA
(ii) ;krk;kr (ifjogu) (Transport)μifjogu lsokvksa osQ fy, tgktjkuh o ok;q ;krk;kr dEifu;k¡

vusd ns'kksa osQ eè; viuh lsok,¡ iznku djrh gSA bl ns'k dh dEifu;ksa dks fons'kh eqnzk ls izkIr HkkM+k
'kqYd ^tek* dh vksj rFkk fons'kh dEifu;ksa dks nh x;h jkf'k;k¡ ^uke* esa fn[kk;h tkrh gSA
(iii) ;k=kk,¡ (Travels)μfofHkUu ns'kksa osQ ukxfjd ,d ns'k ls nwljs ns'k esa i;ZVdksa (Tourists) osQ :i esa ;k
lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd] O;kolkf;d rFkk O;fDrxr dkj.kksa ls vkrs tkrs gSaA ns'k esa vkus okyksa ls fons'kh
eqnzk,¡ izkIr gksrh (D;ksafd cnys esa mUgsa O;; osQ fy, bl ns'k dh eqnzk dh tkrh gS) gSaA blosQ foijhr
ckgj tkus okys fons'kh eqnzk,¡ O;; djrs gSaA

144 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY