Page 155 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—12% Hkqxrku&'ks"k esa larqyu ,oa vlarqyu

tgka rd Hkqxrku&'ks"k dk lEcU/ gS] pwafd bldk fooj.k cgh[kkrs osQ leku nksgjh izfof"V (Equal Dual Entry) uksV
ysunkjh ,oa nsunkjh osQ vk/kj ij rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ;fn lkjh izfof"V;ka lgh <ax ls dh tkrh gSa rks oqQN
ysunkfj;ka oqQy nsunkfj;ksa osQ cjkcj gksrh gSaA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd ysu&nsu osQ nksuksa i{k ;ksx jkf'k esa cjkcj gksrs
gSa rFkk mUgsa ,d&nwljs osQ fo#¼ fn'kk esa fy[kk tkrk gSA vr% ys[kk osQ lUnHkZ esa Hkqxrku&'ks"k] lnSo lUrqyu
esa jgrk gSA ;g ckr nwljh gS fd bu nksuksa osQ vUrj dks] Í.k }kjk iwfrZ djosQ] leku fn[kk;k tkrk gSA fdUrq ;g
è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd bl izdkj osQ lUrqyu esa] pkyw [kkrk vkSj iwath [kkrk nksuksa dks n`f"V esa j[kuk vko';d
gSA ;fn osQoy pkyw [kkrs dks fy;k tk; rks Hkqxrku&'ks"k] vlUrqfyr gks ldrk gSA ;gka bu nksuksa dk vFkZ le>uk
vko';d gSA
pkyw [kkrs (Current Account) osQ vUrxZr ysu&nsu osQ iQyLo:i fd, tkus okys vFkok izkIr gksus okys mu
Hkqxrkuksa dk lekos'k gksrk gS tks pkyw (,d) o"kZ esa iwjs fd, tkrs gSaA iwath [kkrs (Capital Accounts) osQ vUrxZr
mu eqíksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gS ftuosQ }kjk pkyw [kkrksa esa izfo"V Hkqxrku lEHko gksrs gSa vFkkZr~ vk;kr&fu;kZr
,oa lsokvksa osQ cnys izkI; ,oa ns; Hkqxrkuksa dks lEHko cukus okyh ensa iwath [kkrs esa lfEefyr dh tkrh gSaA iwath
[kkrs ls fdlh ns'k dh vUrjkZ"Vªh; fofu;ksx vFkok Í.kxzLrrk lEcU/h fLFkfr dk Kku gksrk gSA bu nksukssa
esa ogh vUrj gS tks vk; vkSj iwath esa gksrk gSA vk; fuf'pr vof/ esa ,d izokg (flow) osQ leku gS tcfd iwath
le;&vUrjky esa ,d laxzg (stock) gSA pkyw [kkrs osQ vUrxZr oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa] C;kt ,oa ykHkka'k vkSj
,di{kh; gLrkUrj.kksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS rFkk iwath [kkrs esa nh?kZdkyhu vkSj vYidkyhu fofu;ksxksa
,oa eqnzk osQ vkokxeu dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku&'ks"k ges'kk lUrqyu esa jgrk gSA bls fuEuor~ Hkh Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA

^Hkqxrku&'ks"k ges'kk lUrqyu esa gksrk gS* dk vFkZ gS fd pkyw&ys[kk] iwath ys[kk vkSj ljdkjh O;oLFkkiu ys[kk dh
fuoy ozsQfMV vkSj MsfcV 'ks"kksa dk chtxf.krh; tksM+ vo'; 'kwU; gksuk pkfg,A Hkqxrku&'ks"k dks fuEu izdkj fy[kk
tkrk gSμ
B = R – P f
f
tgka B Hkqxrku&'ks"k] R fonsf'k;ksa ls izkfIr;ksa vkSj P fonsf'k;ksa dks fd, x, Hkqxrkuksa dks O;Dr djrs gSaA
f
f
tc B = R – P = 0, rks Hkqxrku&'ks"k lUrqyu esa gSA tc R – P > 0, rks bldk eryc gS fd fonsf'k;ksa dks fd,
f
f
f
f
x, Hkqxrkuksa dh vis{kk fonsf'k;ksa ls gqbZ izkfIr;ka vf/d gSa vkSj Hkqxrku&'ks"k esa vfrjsd (Surplus) gSA nwljh vksj]
tc R – P < 0 vFkok R < P rks Hkqxrku&'ks"k esa ?kkVk gS] D;ksafd fonsf'k;ksa dks tks Hkqxrku fd, x, gSa] os fonsf'k;ksa
f
f
f
f
ls gqbZ izkfIr;ksa ls vf/d gSaA
;fn fuoy (Net) fons'kh m/kj] nku rFkk fons'kksa esa fuos'k dks fy;k tk,] rks ykspnkj fofue; nj fu;kZr dks vk;kr
ls c<+k nsrh gSA vU; djsfUl;ksa osQ nkeksa esa ?kjsyw djsUlh dk ewY; ?kV tkrk gSA vk;kr dh lkis{krk esa fu;kZr vf/
d lLrs gks tkrs gSaA bls lehdj.k osQ :i esa ;ksa fn[kk;k tk ldrk gSμ
tgka X fu;kZr] M vk;kr] I fons'kh fuos'k vkSj B fons'k ls m/kj ysus dks O;Dr djrs gSa
f
vFkok X – M = I – B
f
vFkok (X – M) – (I – B) = 0
f
;g lehdj.k crkrk gS fd Hkqxrku&'ks"k lUrqyu esa gSA pkyw ys[kk osQ /ukRed 'ks"k dk mlosQ iwath ys[kk dk
Í.kkRed 'ks"k iw.kZ :i ls {kfriw.kZ dj nsrk gS] vkSj myV HkhA ys[kkadu dh n`f"V ls] Hkqxrku&'ks"k ges'kk lUrqyu
esa gksrk gSA bls fuEu lehdj.k dh lgk;rk ls Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSμ
C + S + T = C + I + G + (X – M)
vFkok Y = C + I + G + (X – M) [Q Y = C + S + T]

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