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bdkbZ—11% O;kikj larqyu ,oa Hkqxrku larqyu % vFkZ ,oa ?kVd



              •   O;kikfjd eky ;k n`'; O;kikj ;k oLrqvksa dk vk;kr&fu;kZr  (Visible Trade)μ lokZf/d   uksV

                  egRoiw.kZ en gSA bldh ¶tek¸ o ¶uke¸ dk vUrj gh ¶O;kikj lUrqyu¸ dgykrk gSA fons'kh O;kikj
                  esa tks Hkh oLrq,¡ vk;kr o fu;kZr dh x;ha] muosQ ewY; dk ys[kk ;gk¡ fy[kk tkrk gSA bUgsa n`'; vk;kr
                  ;k fu;kZr ensa Hkh dgrs gSaA
              •   iw¡th [kkrs esa ns'k ls gksus okyh iw¡th dks"kksa osQ vkokxeu (Movements) dk ys[kk fd;k tkrk gSA futh

                  {ks=k] cSa¯dx laLFkkvksa rFkk ljdkjh {ks=k }kjk iw¡thxr ysu&nsu vyx vyx fn[kk;s tkrs gSaA vYidkyhu
                  ,oa nh?kZdkyhu ½.k] fuos'k] fofu;ksx vkfn dk vyx&vyx mYys[k fd;k tkrk gSA

            11-3 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

                  • vuqnkuμ vk£Fkd lgk;rkA
                  • vkokxeuμvkuk&tkukA

            11-4 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)

              1.  O;kikj larqyu rFkk Hkqxrku larqyu esa D;k varj gS\

              2.  Hkqxrku larqyu dh izeq[k ensa dkSu&lh gSa\
              3.  O;kikj larqyu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ izfrowQy O;kikj larqyu dk fdlh ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij D;k
                  izHkko iM+rk gS\
              4.  izfrowQy O;kikj larqyu dks Bhd djus osQ fy, dkSu ls mik; viuk;s tkrs gSa\

            mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self  Assessment)
                    1. O;kikj larqyu    2. fons'kh     3. O;kikj 'krs±   4. vfHkys[k
                    5. va'k             6. ys[kk iz.kkyh  7. chek dEifu;k¡  8. iw¡th dks"kksaA


            11-5 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ  (Further Readings)




                      1- yksdfoÙk ,oa vUrjkZ‘ªh; O;kikj% MkW- ,e-,y- f>axu_ oa`nk ifCyosQ'kUl izk-fy-_ fnYyhA
                      2- vUrjkZ‘ªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk% MkW- ts-ih- feJk_ lkfgR; Hkou ifCyosQ'kUl_ vkxjkA
                      3- ekSfnzd vFkZ'kkL=k% MkW- th- lh- fla?kbZ_ lkfgR; Hkou ifCyosQ'kUl_ vkxjkA























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