Page 149 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—11% O;kikj larqyu ,oa Hkqxrku larqyu % vFkZ ,oa ?kVd

tks vk£Fkd uhfr dk fu/kZj.k djrh gSA bl izdkj Hkqxrku lUrqyu dk egRo fuEufyf[kr gS% uksV
(1) ns'k esa iw¡th dk vkokxeu ,oa fofue; fu;U=k.k O;oLFkkμHkqxrku lUrqyu ls ns'k esa fons'kh eqnzk dks"kksa
osQ vkokxeu ,oa ljdkj }kjk yxk;s x;s fofue; fu;U=k.k mik;ksa dh liQyrk (;k foiQyrk) dk Kku gksrk gSA
lgh fLFkfr dh le; le; tkudkjh gksus ls fofue; fu;U=k.k mik;ksa esa vko';drkuqlkj la'kks/u fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
(2) ns'k dh okLrfod vUrjkZ"Vªh; Hkqxrku {kerkμHkqxrku lUrqyu dh izfrowQyrk vFkok vuqowQyrk osQ ckjs
esa lgh tkudkjh gksus ls ml ns'k dh okLrfod vUrjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; fLFkfr Kkr gks tkrh gSA vU; ns'k Hkfo";
esa O;kikj djrs le; bl fLFkfr ls Hkh cgqr izHkkfor gksrs gSaA
(3) vk£Fkd uhfr fu/kZjdksa osQ fy, egRoiw.kZμHkqxrku lUrqyu esa nh x;h lwpukvksa ls ns'k dh vk£Fkd uhfr
fu/kZj.k djus okys ljdkjh o vU; eqnzk vf/dkjh cgqr ykHkkfUor gksrs gSaA
(4) fofue; njksa esa ifjorZuμvUrjkZ"Vªh; lkSnksa osQ iQyLo:i fons'kh fofue; njksa esa gksus okys ifjorZu
fo'ks"kdj voewY;u rFkk vf/ewY;u dk ns'k osQ vk;kr o fu;kZrksa ij gksus okys izHkko dh tkudkjh Hkqxrku
lUrqyu ls feysxhA
(5) vFkZO;oLFkk ij fons'kh O;kikj dk izHkkoμns'k osQ fons'kh O;kikj dk ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ vU;
vaxksaμjk"Vªh; vk;] mRiknu] miHkksx] ewY; Lrjksa vkfn ij gksus okys izHkkoksa dks le>us esa oqQN o"kks± osQ Hkqxrku
lUrqyu dk fo'ys"k.kkRed vè;;u lg;ksx nsrk gSA

(6) fons'kh O;kikj esa ifjorZuμ,d ns'k osQ yxkrkj dbZ o"kks± osQ ;k fofHkUu le; osQ Hkqxrku&lUrqyu dk
vè;;u dj ml ns'k esa gksus okys fons'kh O;kikj esa ifjorZuksa] mldh O;kikfjd fLFkfr] mlosQ vkS|ksfxd fodkl
,oa Ñf"k fodkl dh vko';drkvksa rFkk mu ns'kksa ftlls mlosQ O;kikfjd lEcU/ gSa dh vk£Fkd fLFkfr ,oa
fodkl dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA

Hkqxrku lUrqyu dk <k¡pk (Structure of Balance of Payments)μHkqxrku lUrqyu dks eq[;r% nks Hkkxksa esa
ck¡Vk tkrk gSμ(i) pkyw [kkrk (Current Account), rFkk (ii) iw¡th [kkrk (Capital Account)A pkyw [kkrs esa os
lHkh vUrjkZ"Vªh; lkSns ftuls forZeku esa mlh ns'k okyksa dks ;k fonsf'k;ksa dks vk; v£tr gksrh dk ys[kk fd;k
tkrk gS] tSls oLrqvksa dk vk;kr&fu;kZr] lsokvksa ls izkIr vk; ;k buosQ fy, fonsf'k;ksa dks nh x;h jkf'k;k¡] ,d
i{kh; gLrkUrj.k] fofu;ksxksa ls vk; vkfnA tc fd iw¡th [kkrs esa ½.k o lEifÙk dks (izR;{k ,oa vizR;{k <ax
ls) izHkkfor djus okys lkSns ftuls Hkfo"; esa vk; gksxh] fy[ks tkrs gSaA buesa iw¡th ;k eqnzk dk gLrkUrj.k]
fofu;ksx vkfn lfEefyr gSaA iw¡thxr O;ogkjksa dk mYys[k iw¡th [kkrs esa fd;k tkrk gSA

ekSfnzd uhfr] jktdks"kh; uhfr rFkk O;kikj uhfr fu/kZj.k osQ le; ns'k dh vUrjkZ"Vªh; fLFkfr dh
tkudkjh vko';d gSA

Hkqxrku lUrqyu esa ys[ks nksgjh ys[kk iz.kkyh (Double Entry Book Keeping) osQ vk/kj ij fd;s tkrs gSaA
vk£Fkd ,oa foÙkh; lkSnksa dh izÑfr dks è;ku esa j[kk tkrk gS rFkk ysunkfj;ksa ,oa nsunkfj;ksa dks Øe'k% tek
(Credit) o uke (Debits) esa fn[kk;k tkrk gSA os leLr lkSns] ftuosQ fy, fons'kksa dks Hkqxrku fd;k tk; nsunkjh
;k uke (Debits) esa rFkk os lkSns ftuosQ fy, fons'kksa ls Hkqxrku izkIr gks ysunkjh ;k tek (Credits) esa fy[ks
tk;saxsA okLro esa Hkqxrku fn;k x;k ;k fy;k tk;sxk ;k ugha] bl fo"k; ij fopkj ugha fd;k tkrkA mnkgj.k osQ
fy,] oLrqvksa osQ leLr vk;kr (ftuesa eqÝr esa feys migkj Hkh gks ldrs gSa) nsunkjh (uke) esa fy[ks tk;saxs]
D;ksafd buosQ fy, Hkqxrku pqdk;k tkrk gS rFkk buls fons'kh eqnzk Hk.Mkj esa deh gksrh gSA blosQ foijhr fu;kZr
ysunkfj;k¡ ;k tek (Credits) esa fy[ks tkrs gSa D;ksafd muls Hkqxrku izkIr gksrk gS] fons'kh eqnzk Hk.Mkjksa esa o`f¼

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