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vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk
uksV ls vfèd gksus ij Lons'k dh fLFkfr ysunkj dh gksrh gS vkSj blfy, ;g lqn`<+ vPNh fLFkfr gSaA
(2) fons'kh fofue; nj (Foreign Exchange Rate)μvuqowQy fons'kh O;kikj lUrqyu gksus ij fons'kh
fofue; nj Hkh vuqowQy gksrh gS D;ksafd fu;kZrksa osQ vf/d gksus ls fons'kh cktkjksa esa fu;kZrdksa ns'k dh eqnzk dh
iw£r vf/d gksxhA blls fons'kh eqnzk dk ewY; de vFkkZr~ Lons'kh eqnzk dk ewY; m¡Qpk gksxkA
izfrowQy O;kikj lUrqyu gksus ij Lons'kh cktkjksa esa fons'kh eqnzk dk ewY; vk;krksa dh vf/drk osQ dkj.k vf/
d gksxk vFkkZr~ Lons'kh eqnzk dk ewY; de gksxkA blls izfrowQy fons'kh fofue; nj dh fLFkfr mRiUu gks tk;sxhA
fons'kh eqnzk cktkjksa esa vk;krd ns'k dh eqnzk dk ewY; de gks tkrk gSA iQyLo:i fons'kh fofue; nj foi{k
esa jgrh gSA
(3) fons'kh eqnzk dks"k (Foreign Exchange Reserves)μvuqowQy O;kikj lUrqyu gkssus ls ns'k osQ fons'kh eqnzk
Hk.Mkjksa esa o`f¼ gksrh gS ;g fLFkfr vPNh ekuh tkrh gSA izfrowQy O;kikj lUrqyu gksus ls ns'k osQ fons'kh eqnzk
Hk.Mkjksa esa deh vk tkrh gS vkSj blfy, ;g fLFkfr vPNh ugha ekuh tkrh gSA
(4) Hkqxrku lUrqyu ij izHkko (Effects on Balance of Payments)μ,d ns'k osQ lHkh vUrjkZ"Vªh; Hkqxrkuksa
dk lka[;dh; lkjka'k jsdkMZ Hkqxrku lUrqyu dgykrk gSA vuqowQy O;kikj lUrqyu dh fLFkfr ls Hkqxrku lUrqyu
Hkh vuqowQy gksus dh lEHkkouk cgqr vf/d gksrh gSA D;ksafd O;kikfjd eky osQ vf/d fu;kZrksa osQ dkj.k ml
ns'k dh fons'kksa ls ysunkfj;k¡ vf/d gksxhA blosQ foijhr izfrowQy O;kikj lUrqyu osQ dkj.k Hkqxrku lUrqyu Hkh
foi{k esa gksus dh lEHkkouk vf/d gksxhA
(5) vf/d vk;kr lqfo/ktud (More Imports Convenient)μog ns'k ftldk O;kikj lUrqyu fujUrj
o"kks± rd vuqowQy jgrk gS fdlh Hkh le; ljyrkiwoZd vU; oLrqvksa dk vk;kr dj ldrk gS mls Hkqxrku
lEcU/h dfBukbZ ugha gksrhA blosQ foijhr izfrowQy O;kikj lUrqyu okys ns'k dks vf/d vk;krksa osQ fy, dfBukbZ
gksrh gSA ,sls ns'k dks viuh vko';drkvksa dh oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr osQ fy, vU; ns'kksa dh lgk;rk ij fuHkZj jguk
iM+rk gSA fu;kZrd ns'k vk;krd ns'k dk ½.k lqfo/k,¡ nsrs le; 'krks± osQ fu/kZj.k esa fofHkUu ncko Mkyus dk
iz;Ru djrs gSaA
(6) O;kikj dh 'krs± (Terms of Trade)μvuqowQy O;kikj lUrqyu j[kus okys ns'k osQ fy, vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
dh 'krs± Hkh mlosQ vuqowQy gh gksrh gSaA blosQ foijhr izfrowQy O;kikj lUrqyu gkssus ij O;kikj izfrowQy gks tkrh
gSA O;kikj 'krks± dk Hkkoh O;kikj fu/kZj.k esa cgqr egRo gksrk gSA
izfrowQy O;kikj lUrqyu esa lq/kj (Correction in the Unfavourable Balance of Trade)
,d ns'k vius fons'kh O;kikj dks lUrqfyr j[kus dk iz;Ru djrk gSA izfrowQy O;kikj lUrqyu gksus ls ns'k dh
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa fLFkfr detksj gks tkrh gSA vr% blesa 'kh?kzfr'kh?kz lq/kj vko';d gSA izfrowQy O;kikj
lUrqyu osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr mik; fd;s tkrs gSaμ
,d ns'k vius fons'kh O;kikj dks lUrqfyr j[kus dk iz;Ru djrk gSA izfrowQy O;kikj
lUrqyu gksus ls ns'k dh vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa fLFkfr detksj gks tkrh gSA
(1) vk;krksa dks lhfer j[kuk (Keeping Imports within Limits)μizfrowQy O;kikj lUrqyu okyk ns'k
vius vk;krksa esa ;FkklEHko deh djus dk iz;Ru djrk gSA vfr vko';d oLrqvksa osQ fu;kZrksa dks gh vuqefr
nh tkrh gSA fiQj Hkh vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij ewY;ksa esa Hkkjh o`f¼ gksus ij vk;krksa dks Hkkjh ek=kk esa ugha c<+krs gq,
Hkh ewY; c<+ tkrk gSA tSlk fd 1972 osQ i'pkr rsy ewY;ksa esa o`f¼ ls vusd ns'kksa dk O;kikj lUrqyu Hkkjh
foi{k esa gks x;kA ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa vk;krksa dks ;FkklEHko lhfer ek=kk esa gh cuk;s j[kus dk iz;Ru gksrk gS
rkfd izfrowQyrk vf/d ugha c<+sA
140 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
