Page 158 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV ;g Hkh tkuk tk ldrk gS fd ns'k osQ fu;kZrksa ,oa vk;krksa dk ewY; D;k gSA
(3) fons'kh Í.kksa osQ Hkqxrku dh fof/ dk KkuμHkqxrku&'ks"k ls ge ;g Hkh tku ldrs gSa fd ,d ns'k vius
fons'kh nkf;Roksa dk Hkqxrku fdl izdkj dj jgk gSA D;k og oLrqvksa dk fu;kZr dj jgk gS vFkok fons'kh tek dk
iz;ksx dj jgk gS vFkok migkj izkIr dj jgk gSA bl izdkj Hkqxrku&'ks"k osQ fooj.k ls ;g tkuk tk ldrk gS fd
,d ns'k eqnzk dk Í.k ys jgk gS vFkok ns jgk gS] mlosQ fons'kh fofue; dks"kksa esa o`f¼ gks jgh gS vFkok deh ,oa
mldh ekSfnzd ,oa fu;U=k.k lEcU/h uhfr;ka dgka rd izHkko'kkyh gSaA
(4) eqnzk osQ voewY;u osQ izHkko dk KkuμHkqxrku&'ks"k fooj.k ls ;g tku ldrs gSa fd ml ns'k dh eqnzk osQ
voewY;u dk D;k izHkko gqvk gSA pkyw [kkrs ls ;g Li"V :i ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd voewY;u osQ iQyLo:i
ns'k osQ fu;kZrksa esa o`f¼ gqbZ gS vFkok ughaA
(5) jk"Vªh; vk; ij izHkkoμfons'kh O;kikj dk ns'k dh jk"Vªh; vk; ij izHkko iM+rk gS vr% izks- ¯dMyctZj
osQ vuqlkj Hkqxrku&'ks"k dk iz;ksx ;g ekuus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gS fd fons'kh O;kikj ,oa ysu&nsu dk ns'k dh
jk"Vªh; vk; ij D;k izHkko gqvk gSA
(6) fofHkUu eqnzkvksa esa ns'k dh Hkqxrku&'ks"k dh fLFkfrμfdlh Hkh ns'k dk Hkqxrku&'ks"k fofHkUu eqnzkvksa okys
ns'kksa osQ lkFk ,dleku jgs] ;g vko';d ugha gSA tSls vejhdh vFkok Mkyj {ks=k osQ ns'kksa osQ lkFk ,d ns'k dh
Hkqxrku&'ks"k dh fLFkfr ?kkVs dh jg ldrh gS tcfd vU; ns'kksa osQ lkFk vfrjsd dh jg ldrh gS vr% Hkqxrku&'ks"k
osQ vè;;u ls ;g irk py ldrk gS fd fofHkUu eqnzkvksa esa ns'k osQ Hkqxrku&'ks"k dh fLFkfr D;k gSA
bl izdkj dgk tk ldrk gS fd fdlh ns'k dk Hkqxrku&'ks"k mldh vkfFkZd&fLFkfr dk ekid (Barometer) gksrk
gSA blosQ egRo dks n`f"V esa j[kdj gh izks- tsoUl (Jevons) us dgk gS fd ¶,d vUrjkZ"Vªh; vFkZ'kkL=kh osQ fy,
Hkqxrku&'ks"k dk ogh egRo gksrk gS tks ,d jlk;u'kkL=kh osQ fy, rRoksa dh vkof/d rkfydk dk gksrk gSA¸ 1

12-3 Hkqxrku&'ks"k esa vlUrqyu (Disequilibrium in Balance of Payments)

,d ns'k osQ Hkqxrku 'ks"k (BOP) esa vlUrqyu ;k rks ?kkVk ;k vfrjsd gks ldrk gSA ,d ns'k osQ BOP esa ?kkVk ;k
vfrjsd rc gksrk gS tc mldh Lok;Ùk izkfIr;ka (Autonomous Receipts) (ozsQfMV) mlosQ Lok;Ùk Hkqxrku
(MsfcV) ls esy ugha [kkrh gSaA ;fn Lok;Ùk MsfcV Hkqxrkuksa ls Lok;Ùk] ozsQfMV izkfIr;ka vf/d gksa rks BOP esa vfrjsd
gksrk gS vkSj vlUrqyu vuqowQy (Favourable) dgk tkrk gSA nwljh vksj] ;fn Lok;Ùk ozsQfMV izkfIr;ksa ls Lok;Ùk
MsfcV Hkqxrku vf/d gksa rks BOP esa ?kkVk gksrk gS vkSj vlUrqyu izfrowQy (Unfavourable) ;k fo#¼ (Adverse)
dgykrk gSA
Hkqxrku&'ks"k esa vlUrqyu osQ izdkj (Kinds of Disequilibrium in Balance of Payment)
(1) pØh; vlUrqyu (Cyclical disequilibrium)

(2) lqnh?kZdkfyd vlUrqyu (Secular disequilibrium)
(3) lajpukRed vlUrqyu (Structural disequilibrium)A
(1) pØh; vlUrqyu (Cyclical Disequilibrium)μHkqxrku&'ks"k esa pØh; vlUrqyu] pØh; mPpkopu osQ
dkj.k gksrk gSA O;kikj pØ dh fofHkUu voLFkkvksa dk vFkZO;oLFkk ij O;kid izHkko iM+rk gSA O;kikj pØ osQ
dkj.k Hkqxrku&'ks"k esa fuEu izdkj ls pØh; vlUrqyu iSnk gks ldrk gSμ
(a) tc fofHkUu ns'kksa esa O;kikj pØ osQ iQyLo:i rsth ,oa eUnh dh fLFkfr esa fHkUurk gks vFkok xgurk gksA
;fn ,d ns'k X esa] nwljs ns'k Y dh rqyuk esa O;kikj pØ dk izHkko vf/d xgu gS rks X ns'k esa rsth dh

1. “What is periodic table of elements to the chemist, the balance of payment is to the Interna-
tional Economist.” —Jevons

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