Page 139 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—10% jktuSfrd vFkZO;oLFkk dh xSj&iz'kqYd ck/k,¡ vkSj muosQ fufgrkFkZ

iw£rdrkZvksa dks tkrk gSA VER osQ ekeys esa ?kjsyw ekax oØ D uksV
d
ogha jgrk gS tcfd iw£r oØ S cnydj S gks tkrk gS rkfd
v
d
S d
mPp dher OP ij lUrqyu gks tk,A VER osQ lkFk iw£r S v
v
oØ S ;g n'kkZrk gS fd OP dher ij] ek=kk OM dh iw£r
v
v
P
vk;krd ns'k }kjk dh tkrh gS rFkk M M blosQ vk;kr ij v
2
1
dher Z a R b
VER gSA ;g ek=kk vk;krd ns'k dks cspdj fu;kZrd ns'k osQ P w
iw£rdrkZ VER ls fdjk;k izkIr gksrk gS tks fp=k osQ vuqlkj
vk;krd ns'k dh jk"Vªh; 'kq¼ dY;k.k gkfu gSA vk;krd ns'k D d
dh miHkksDrk vfrjsd dh oqQy gkfu {ks=k Z + a + R + b gS tks
O M M M M
fd iz'kqYd vFkok vk;kr dksVk osQ cjkcj gSA {ks=k Z ?kjsyw 1 2 3
miHkksDrkvksa ls mRikndksa dks pyk tkrk gSA {ks=k a rFkk b ek=kk
izfrfuf/Ro djus okys nks f=kHkqt oqQy jk"Vªh; gkfu gSaA {ks=k R fp=k 10-2
ml jktLo dk izrhd gS tks fu;kZrd ns'k osQ iw£rdrkZvksa dks VER ls feyrk gS tks vk;krd ns'k dh ljdkj
dh gkfu gS rFkk mldh 'kq¼ dY;k.k gkfu gSA VER dk vk;krd ns'k ij ,d vU; izHkko ;g iM+rk gS fd
mldh O;kikj 'krs± fu;kZrd ns'k dh rqyuk esa lq/kj dh ctk; mUgsa vkSj [kjkc djrh gSaA ,slk blfy, fd ;g
fu;kZrd ns'k dh oLrq dh fo'o dher dh ctk; mldh mPp ?kjsyw dher nsrk gSA
;gh ugha VERs i{kikrh gksrh gSa] D;ksafd ;s le>kSrs U;wure ykxr fu;kZrdksa osQ lkFk j[ks tkrs gSa] ijUrq os mPp
ykxr fu;kZrdksa ls vk;kr dh vksj ys tk ldrs gSa ftlls vk;krd ns'k dk vk;kr fcy c<+k ldrs gSaA

fu;kZrd ns'k ij izHkko (Effects on Exporting Country)μtgk¡ rd fu;kZrd ns'k ij VER osQ izHkkoksa dk
iz'u gS mls vfrfjDr ykHk (fdjk;k) dk iQk;nk rFkk O;kikj dh 'krks± esa lq/kj feyrk gSA vr% og vk;krd
ns'k }kjk cjkcj dk iz'kqYd vFkok vk;kr dksVk ykxw djokus dh txg VER dks izkFkfedrk nsxkA pwafd VERs
LFkk;h ugha gSa] blfy, fu;kZrd ns'k ckn esa buesa NwV fn;s tkus vFkok gVk fy, tkus osQ fy, vk;krd ns'k ij
ncko Mky ldrk gSA bl izdkj ;g vk;krd ns'kksa dks LFkk;h iz'kqYd vFkok dksVk osQ fy, euk dj ldrk gSA

tc ,d VER fu;kZr dks jksdrh gS tks fu;kZrdksa osQ ikl vf/'ks"k (surplus) mRiknu gksrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i]
fu;kZr ;ksX; oLrqvksa dh dher fxj tkrh gS vkSj vk; esa deh rFkk gkfu gksrh gSA blosQ dkj.k lalk/u vU;
mRiknd m|ksxksa dh vksj tk ldrs gSaA ;fn ,d dkVsZy vFkok VER ls ca/s fu;kZrd fdlh cM+s m|ksxksa ls lEcfU/
r gSa rks Hkh VER fdlh u, cktkj dh [kkst rd fu;kZr dks de djsxhA mlls iqu% lalk/uksa dk iqu% vko.Vu
rFkk gkfu gks ldrh gSA bl izdkj VER ls fu;kZrd ns'k dks oqQy feykdj vk£Fkd gkfu dk lkeuk djuk iM+
ldrk gSA
4- rduhdh ck/k,¡ (Technical Barriers)

vk;krd ns'k dHkh&dHkh xSj&vk£Fkd izÑfr dh rduhdh O;kikj ck/kvksa dks vaxhdkj dj vius ns'k esa vk;kr
dh ek=kk dks ?kVkus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA rduhdh ck/k,a dbZ rjg dh gksrh gSa tks vk;kr dks izfrcfU/r djrh
gSaA rduhdh ck/kvksa esa LokLF; ,oa lqj{kk fofue;] LoPNrk fofue;] vkS|ksfxd ekud] ysc¯yx rFkk iSQosQ¯tx
fofue;] vkfn vkrs gSaA os fofue; fons'kh vkiw£rdrkZvksa ij muosQ eky dk vk;kr cuk, j[kus osQ fy, vfrfjDr
ykxrksa dk Hkkj Mky nsrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] vesfjdk esa fons'kh dkj fuekZrkvksa dks ogka mRiknu osQ fy,
vesfjdh lqj{kk ,oa /qvka fudklh fu;U=k.k fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk vko';d gksrk gSA ;gh ckrsa LokLF; LVS.MMZ
osQ lEcU/ esa ykxw dh tk ldrh gSaA [kk| oLrqvksa osQ vk;krdksa dks fo'ks"k xq.koÙkk] iSosQ¯tx rFkk LVS.MMZ dh
vko'drk gksrh gSA

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