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vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡




                    uksV                fo'oluh;rk dh tk¡p djus] nSo izfrn'kks± esa fofHkUu ekiksa dh lkFkZdrk dh tk¡p djus] izlkekU; pØ
                                        osQ v/huLFk {ks=kiQy Kkr djus] lg&lEcU/ dk fo'ys"k.k djus o rqyuk o fuoZpu djus esa ;g
                                        vR;Ur mi;ksxh fl¼ gksrk gSA
                                     •  izeki fopyu vifdj.k dh ,d loZJs"B eki gSA bl dkj.k fofHkUu mís';ksa osQ fy, bldk iz;ksx fd;k

                                        tkrk gS_ tSlsμfofHkUu lewgksa osQ fopj.k dh rqyuk djus] fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa osQ lekUrj ekè;ksa dh
                                        fo'oluh;rk dh tk¡p djus] nSo izfrn'kks± esa fofHkUu ekiksa dh lkFkZdrk dh tk¡p djus] izlkekU; pØ
                                        osQ v/huLFk {ks=kiQy Kkr djus] lg&lEcU/ dk fo'ys"k.k djus o rqyuk o fuoZpu djus esa ;g
                                        vR;Ur mi;ksxh fl¼ gksrk gSA

                                  7-9 'kCndks'k (Keywords)


                                        • vifdj.kμ;g fHkUurkvksa dk iw.kZ ,oa lkis{k eki gSA
                                        • ifjdyuμtfVy x.kuk] dfBu fglkcA

                                  7-10 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)


                                    1-  ekè; fopyu ,oa ekè; fopyu xq.kkad dk foospu dhft,A
                                    2-  ekè; fopyu osQ ifjdyu dh jhfr;k¡ D;k gSa\
                                    3-  ekè; fopyu osQ xq.k&nks"kksa dk fo'ys"k.k dhft,A
                                    4-  izeki fopyu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ izeki fopyu osQ ifjdyu dh jhfr;ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
                                    5-  izeki fopyu osQ xq.k&nks"kksa dk fo'ys"k.k dhft,A

                                  mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self  Assessment)

                                      1.  1. ekè;                             2. oSKkfud        3. pje ;k lhekar ewY;ksa
                                          4. chtxf.krh;                       5. vfuf'pr
                                      2.  1. X  = 12.4, δ = 20.024            2. M = 16.2, δm = 4.535
                                          3. σ = 13.08, C of σ = 0.297

                                  7-11 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)





                                             1. lkaf[;dh osQ ewy rRo_ ,l- ih- flag_ ,l- pUn ,.M dEiuh fyfeVsM jke uxj]
                                               ubZ fnYyh & 110055

                                             2. ifj.kkRed fof/;k¡_ Mk- ,l- lpnsok_ y{eh ukjk;.k vxzoky] vkxjk














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