Page 235 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

bdkbZ—14% lglaca/ fo'ys"k.k cuke izrhixeu fo'ys"k.k

(Fit) mruk gh mRÑ"V ekuk tkrk gS vkSj izrhixeu lehdj.k ,d Hkfo";okph mik; (Predictive uksV
device) osQ :i esa mruh gh vf/d mi;ksxh le>h tkrh gSA

lglaca/ fo'ys"k.k dk iz;ksx dgk¡ fd;k tkrk gS\

14-5 lglEcU/ rFkk izrhixeu fo'ys"k.k esa vUrj (Difference between Correla-
tion and Regression Analysis)

lglEcU/ rFkk izrhixeu fo'ys"k.k dh u osQoy ekU;rk,¡ fHkUu gSa cfYd ;g nksuksa eki fHkUu izdkj dh lwpuk,¡
iznku djrs gSaA bl izdkj ;g lnSo Li"V ugha gks ikrk fd fdlh iznÙk leL;k osQ fy, fdl eki dk iz;ksx fd;k
tk,A bu nksuksa esa vUrj osQ izeq[k fcUnq bl izdkj gSaμ
(1) lEcU/ dh ek=kk o izÑfr (Degree and Nature of Relationship)μlglEcU/ fo'ys"k.k nks pjksa osQ
chp lg&fopj.k'khyrk dh ek=kk (Degree of Covariability) dk eki gS tcfd izrhixeu fo'ys"k.k
dk mís'; nks pjksa osQ chp vkSlr&lEcU/ dh izÑfr (Nature of Average Relationship) dk vè;;u
djuk gS rkfd ,d pj osQ vk/kj ij nwljs pj dk iwokZuqeku yxk;k tk losQA ouZj tsM g'kZ osQ 'kCnksa
esa] ¶tcfd lglEcU/ fo'ys"k.k nks (;k vf/d) ?kVukvksa osQ lg&ifjorZu dh ?kfu"Brk dh tk¡p
djrk gS] izrhixeu fo'ys"k.k bl lEcU/ dh izÑfr o ek=kk dk eki djosQ geas iwokZuqeku dh {kerk
iznku djrk gSA¸ è;ku jgs] pjkadksa osQ chp lEcU/ ftruk vf/d ?kfu"B gksrk gS iwokZuqeku mrus gh vf/
d fo'oluh; gksrs gSaA

(2) dkj.k o ifj.kke lEcU/ (Cause and Effect Relationship)μlglEcU/ nks pjksa osQ chp lEcU/ dh
ek=kk dh eki rks djrk gS ijUrq ;g dkj.k&ifj.kke lEcU/ dh O;k[;k ugha djrkA mnkgj.kkFkZ] fdlh
oLrq dh dher vkSj ekax osQ chp mPp&Lrjh; lglEcU/ bl ckr dks Li"V ugha djrk fd nksuksa pjksa
eas ls dkSu&lk dkj.k gS vkSj dkSu&lk ifj.kke gSA ijUrq blosQ foijhr izrhixeu fo'ys"k.k esa tgk¡ ,d
pj dks vkfJr pj osQ :i esa fy, tkrk gS ogk¡ nwljs pj dks LorU=k pj ekuk tkrk gSμvkSj bl izdkj
;g dkj.k&ifj.kke lEcU/ osQ vè;;u dks lEHko cukrk gSA è;ku nsus ;ksX; ckr ;g gS fd lkgp;Z
dh mifLFkfr dk vFkZ dkj.krRo dk gksuk ugha gS] ijUrq dkj.krRo osQ vfLrRo dk lnSo vFkZ gS lkgp;Z
dk gksuk (The presence of association does not imply causation, but the existence of causation
always imply association)A

(3) LorU=k rFkk vkfJr pj (Independent and Dependent Variable)μpw¡fd lglEcU/ nks pjksa X rFkk
Y osQ chp js[kh; lEcU/ (Linear relationship) dh fn'kk o ek=kk dk ,d eki gS blfy, bl
fo'ys"k.k esa LorU=k rFkk vkfJr pj dk dksbZ egRo ugha gksrkA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] X vkSj Y osQ chp
lglEcU/ xq.kkad (r ) ogh gksxk tks Y vkSj X osQ chp (r ) gksxk vFkkZr~ ;g nksuksa lefer (Symmetric)
xy yx
gksrs gSa (r = r ) vFkkZr~ X vkSj Y esa ls dkSu&lk pj LorU=k gS vkSj dkSu&lk vkfJr] ;g tkuuk
xy yx
egRoghu gksrk gSA blosQ foijhr izrhixeu fo'ys"k.k esa nksuksa xq.kkad b rFkk b lefer ugha gksrs (b
xy yx xy
≠ b )A bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd ,d izrhixeu xq.kkad b (vFkkZr~ X dk Y ij)] Y dks LorU=k pj eku
yx xy
ysrk gS vkSj nwljk xq.kkad b (vFkkZr~ Y dk X ij)] X dks LorU=k pj ekurk gSA
yx
(4) eki dh izÑfr (Nature of Measurement)μlglEcU/ xq.kkad X rFkk Y pjksa osQ chp js[kh; lEcU/
(linear relationship) dh eki gS tcfd izrhixeu xq.kkad ,sls xf.krh; eki gSa tks pjksa osQ chp vkSlr
lEcU/ (average relationship) dks O;Dr djrs gSaA

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