Page 236 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV (5) eki dk izdkj (Type of Measurement)μlglEcU/ xq.kkad ,d lkis{k (relative) eki gS vkSj bl
izdkj ;g ekiu&bdkb;ksa osQ izfr LorU=k gksrk gSA blosQ foijhr izrhixeu xq.kkad nks pjkadksa osQ chp
lEcU/ Kkr djus dk fujis{k (absolute) eki gSA

(6) fujFkZd lEcU/ (Nonsense or Absurd Relation)μdHkh&dHkh nks pjksa osQ chp fujFkZd lglEcU/
gks ldrk gS tks fo'kq¼ :i ls la;ksxo'k gksrk gS vkSj ftldh dksbZ O;kogkfjd izklafxdrk Hkh ugha gksrh
tSls yksxksa dh vk; esa o`f¼ gksuk vkSj muosQ Hkkj esa o`f¼ gksukA blosQ foijhr izrhixeu dHkh Hkh
fujFkZd ugha gksrkA

(7) ewy&fcUnq vkSj iSekus esa ifjorZu (Change of Origin and Scale)μlglEcU/ xq.kkad ,d foekghu
(Dimensionless) xq.kkad gksus osQ dkj.k ewy&fcUnq rFkk iSekus (rqyuk ekin.M) esa ifjorZu osQ izfr
LorU=k gksrk gSA blosQ foijhr izrhixeu xq.kkad ewy&fcUnq (origin) esa ifjorZu osQ izfr LorU=k gksrs gSa
ijUrq iSekus (scale) osQ izfr LorU=k ugha gksrsA
(8) vuqiz;ksx (Application)μlglEcU/ dk vuqiz;ksx lhfer gS D;ksafd ;g nks pjksa osQ chp osQoy js[kh;
lEcU/ dk vè;;u gSA blosQ foijhr izrhixeu dk vuqiz;ksx O;kid gS D;ksafd ;g nks pjkadksa osQ chp
xSj&js[kh; (non-linear) lEcU/ dk Hkh vè;;u djrk gSA

lkaf[;dh; izek.k ls nks pjksa osQ chp lkgp;Z dh osQoy mifLFkfr ;k vuqifLFkfr rks
fl¼ gks ldrh gS ijUrq dkj.krRo ekStwn gS ;k ugha] ;g ckr fo'kq¼ :i ls roZQi.;rk
(reasoning) ij fuHkZj gSA

14-6 izrhixeu ,oa lglEcU/ (Regression and Correlation)

tc nks Jsf.k;ksa esa iw.kZ lglEcU/ gksrk gS rks muosQ eè; ,d gh izrhixeu js[kk gksrh gSA dkj.k Li"V gS D;ksafd
ml voLFkk esa x vkSj y osQ ewY;ksa dks izkafdr djus ls lHkh fcUnq ,d gh js[kk osQ :i esa gksrs gSaA

bu js[kkvksa dh lgk;rk ls lglEcU/ dh ek=kk o fn'kk tkuus esa Hkh lgk;rk feyrh gS ftlosQ fy, fuEu fu;e
gSaμ
(1) ;fn nksuksa js[kk,a ,d&nwljs dks iw.kZ :i ls <d ysa rks Jsf.k;ksa esa iw.kZ lglEcU/ gksrk gSA bl izdkj
x vkSj y osQ eè; iw.kZ lglEcU/ gksus ij ,d gh izrhixeu js[kk curh gSA

(2) ;fn ;s js[kk,a ,d&nwljs dks ledks.k ij dkVsa rks lglEcU/ dk loZFkk vHkko izdV gksrk gS vFkkZr~
nksuksa osQ eè; lglEcU/ dh ek=kk 'kwU; gSA

(3) js[kk,a ,d&nwljs ls ftruh ikl gksaxh] lglEcU/ dh ek=kk mruh gh vf/d gksxhA
(4) js[kk,a ,d&nwljs ls ftruh nwj gksaxh] lglEcU/ dh ek=kk mruh gh de gksxhA

uksVμblesa x rFkk y dks Capital v{kjksa esa Hkh ys ldrs gSaA

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