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ftfdne y'i gqDkbh ns/ nzeVk^ftfrnkB

B'N e[ZbQ 19 y/soK ftZu fJj nfXnB ;zgzB j'J/. d{i/ ;ot/yD ftZu e[ZbQ 17 y/so ;B. fJBQK
ftZu GkPk f;Zfynk ns/ nDUgukfoe f;Zfynk d' ftP/ j'o i[V rJ/.

u'E/ ;ot/yD (1991) ftZu e[ZbQ 4703 y'iK dk T[b/y j? fijVhnK 29 y/soK ftZu tzvhnK j'JhnK
jB. fJBQK ftZu'A 3289 ghHn?uHvhH ;so d/ ns/ 1414 j'o gq'i/eN ;so d/ nfXnB jB.
fJBQK 3289 ghHn?uHvhH y'iK ftZu'A 2272 f;Zfynk ftGkrK ftZu ns/ 1017 j'o ftGkrK fit/A
wB'ftfrnkB, ;wkiPk;so, doPBPk;so, noEPk;so nkfd ftGkrK ftZu ;zgzB j't/.

fJ; toDB s'A fJj ;gPN j[zdk j? fe f;Zfynk d/ eJh y/soK ftZu y'i B{z wjZstg{oD ;EkB
gqkgs j'fJnk j?. fJj th fejk ik ;edk j? fe ;zfynkswe fdqPNhe'D s'A f;Zfynk d/ y/so
ftZu y'i dk pj[s d[ors Bkb ftek; j'fJnk j?. e[ZM f;ZfynkPk;soh fJ; B{z ft;c'Ne tkXk
th wzBd/ jB. T[jBK dk wzBDk j? fe f;Zfynk d/ y/so ftZu E'e ftZu (mass production)
ghHn?uHvhH fsnko ehs/ ik oj/ jB. u'E/ ;ot/yD ftZu fJ; tkX/ dh rsh (trend) B{z fJ;
gqeko do;kfJnk j? L ;zB 1940 d/ djke/ ftZu jo ;kb fJZe, 1950 d/ djke/ ftZu gqsh 73
1
fdBK s/ s/ fJZe, 1960 d/ djke/ ftZu gqsh 16 fdBK s/ fJZe, 1970 d/ djke/ ftZu gqsh 4 $ 2
fdB s/ fJZe, 1980 d/ djke/ ftZu gqsh 3 fdBK s/ fJZe ghHn?uHvhH dh T[gkXh gqdkB ehsh
rJh. i/eo fJ; ftZu ghHn?uHvhH ;so d/ fJbktk d{ihnK y'iK B{z th Pkfwb eo fbnk ikt/ sK
u'E/ ;ot/yD d/ nB[;ko gqsh 36 xzN/ fJZe y'i fog'oN gqkgs j[zdh j?. nZr/ fJj th fejk
frnk j? fe i/eo fJjh rsh pDh oj/ sK GftZy ftZu gqshfdB fJZe y'i ;zgzB j't/rk.

Nk;e f;Zfynk d/ y/so ftZu y'i dh gfjb d/ nkXko s/ nkgD/ fdqPNhe'D gqrN eo'.

;t?^w[bnzeD (Self Assessment)

ykbh ;EkBK dh g{osh eo' (Fill in the blanks):
1H ftfdne y'i HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH d/ y/so ftZu ehsh ikD tkbh y'i j?.

2H nfXnkge nkgD/ nkg f;Zfynk dh HHHHHHHHHHHHH dk fJZe wjZstg{oD xNe j?.
3H gfjbh ghHn?uHvhH T[gkXh, 1943 ftZu HHHHHHHHHHHH ftPtftfdnkb/ d[nkok gqdkB ehsh
rJh.

1H3 ftfdne y'i dk y/so (Scope of Educational Research)

f;Zfynk d/ y/so ftZu fe; gqeko dhnK y'iK B{z gfjb fdZsh ikt/, fJj gqPB th d' dPeK s'A
pokpo T[mkfJnk ik fojk j?. ;w/A^;w/A s/ fJ; ;pzX ftZu ;z;s[shnK th ehshnK iKdhnK
ojhnK jB, gozs{ P'XeosktK B/ fJ; B{z ed/ rzGhosk Bkb BjhA fbnk. fJ; dk fJZe ekoB sK
fJj fojk j? fe gfjb dk nkXko eh j't/. fJ; ;pzX ftZu e'Jh fBPfus wZs BjhA pD
;fenk. fsZi/ y'i ;ot/yD (1987) d/ nkyoh nfXnkJ/ ftZu vkH fPt e/H fwZsok B/ ;[Mkn
fdZsk j? fe T[jBK ;wZf;nktK B{z y'i ;pzXh gfjb fdZsh ikDh ukjhdh j?, fiBQK dh okPNoh
f;Zfynk^fBshnK ftZu T[mkJhnK rJhnK ;wZf;nktK d/ ;wkXkB T[gbpX eokT[D ;pzXh ssekb
io{os j?. fJ; s'A gfjbK 1975 ftZu n?BH;hHJhHnkoHNhH d/ gqekPB “n?i[e/PB fo;ou n?Av
fJB't/PB” ftZu fBwBfbys ;wZf;nktK B{z f;Zfynk^y'i dh gfjbh ;[uh ftZu oZfynk frnk
;h^
1H ;wki d/ rohp tor d/ pkbeK dh ftfdne io{osK dh g{osh d/ ;wkXkB bZGDk.
2H nzso;kbk y'i (interdisciplinary research).
3H gqshGktK dh y'i ns/ T[jBK d/ ftek; Bkb ;pzfXs ;wZf;nktK.

4H u'dK ;kb sZe d/ pkbeK dh io{oh ns/ fBP[be f;Zfynk fi; dk Gkosh ;zftXkB dh
Xkok 45 ftZu gqtXkB j?, Bkb ;pzXs ;wZf;nktK dk nfXnB.

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